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SOMM&SOMM

Tag: Learning Wine

  • Italy in the Glass

    Italy in the Glass

    Unlocking the 77 DOCGs, 330 DOCs, and the Curious Case of IGT.

    When it comes to wine, Italy is both a gift and a glorious puzzle. With 20 distinct regions, more than 2,000 native grape varieties, and a labyrinth of wine laws, it’s no wonder sommeliers get giddy at the mere sight of a hand-drawn Italian wine map. At the center of this puzzle are Italy’s quality classifications: DOCG, DOC, and IGT—three little acronyms that carry centuries of tradition, rebellion, pride, and plenty of good vino.

    In this article, we’ll demystify the 77 (or is it 78?) Denominazioni di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) and 330 Denominazioni di Origine Controllata (DOC) appellations spread across Italy’s 20 wine regions. We’ll explore how the Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) came to be, why it still matters today, and whether these labels are wine laws or wine lore. Spoiler: it’s a bit of both.

    Photo by Vincenzo Iorio on Pexels.com

    The Pyramid of Quality: DOCG vs. DOC vs. IGT

    Italy’s wine classification system forms a three-tiered pyramid introduced formally with the 1963 wine law, which was heavily inspired by France’s AOC system but with that uniquely Italian flair (and bureaucracy). Here’s the breakdown:

    DOCG – Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

    • Top-tier designation, introduced in 1980
    • Wines must meet the strictest regulations: grape type, yield, alcohol, aging, and geography
    • Subject to government tasting panels before release
    • Guarantee seal on the neck of each bottle
    • There are currently 77 DOCGs, though some lists include 78 depending on how you count shared or overlapping appellations (we’re looking at you, Cannellino di Frascati and Frascati Superiore)

    Examples:

    • Barolo DOCG (Piedmont) – 100% Nebbiolo, aged minimum 38 months
    • Brunello di Montalcino DOCG (Tuscany) – 100% Sangiovese Grosso, 5 years of aging
    • Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto) – dried grape process (appassimento), powerful and rich

    DOC – Denominazione di Origine Controllata

    • Middle-tier, first established in 1966
    • Still regulated but slightly more flexible than DOCG
    • Also enforces rules on production zones, grapes, yields, and winemaking techniques
    • Includes many long-established regions or subregions not yet elevated to DOCG

    There are around 330 DOCs, which evolve frequently as regions apply for DOCG status or boundaries are adjusted.

    Examples:

    • Chianti DOC (Tuscany) – distinct from Chianti Classico DOCG
    • Etna DOC (Sicily) – volcanic reds and whites from Nerello Mascalese and Carricante
    • Lugana DOC (Lombardy/Veneto) – crisp whites from the Turbiana grape near Lake Garda

    IGT – Indicazione Geografica Tipica

    • Introduced in 1992 to acknowledge high-quality wines outside the rigid DOC/DOCG systems
    • Flexible in grape usage, blending, and winemaking—ideal for experimentation
    • Geographic indication is the main requirement
    • Originally a reaction to Super Tuscan wines that didn’t fit DOC rules despite exceptional quality

    Examples:

    • Toscana IGT – the birthplace of Super Tuscans like Sassicaia, Tignanello, and Ornellaia
    • Veneto IGT – widely used for innovative blends or single varietals like Merlot and Chardonnay
    • Sicilia IGT – often used for international grapes or modern styles of Nero d’Avola

    How Did We Get Here? A Sip of History

    Italy’s wine laws evolved from a country of regional customs into a unified classification system. In the early 20th century, counterfeit wines and inconsistent quality were widespread, leading to the 1963 law that created DOC and laid the groundwork for DOCG. But even that wasn’t enough.

    In the 1970s, innovative winemakers in Tuscany grew frustrated by the limitations of DOC laws. They began producing bold, Bordeaux-style blends with Cabernet and Merlot, aging them in French oak, and labeling them simply as “vino da tavola” (table wine). These “Super Tuscans”—once rebels—outshone many DOC wines and gained international fame.

    Italy responded in 1992 by creating the IGT category, legitimizing these high-quality outliers and restoring some order to the chaos.

    Photo by Riccardo Mazza on Pexels.com

    The 20 Wine Regions – A Brief Look

    Italy’s wine regions align with its administrative regions. Here are the 20 wine regions of Italy (North to South)

    RegionFamous For
    Valle d’AostaTiny production, alpine Nebbiolo (called Picotendro), Prié Blanc
    Piedmont (Piemonte)Barolo, Barbaresco, Dolcetto, Barbera, Moscato d’Asti
    LiguriaVermentino, Pigato, wines from terraced coastal vineyards
    Lombardy (Lombardia)Franciacorta (traditional method sparkling), Nebbiolo in Valtellina
    Trentino-Alto AdigeElegant whites (Gewürztraminer, Pinot Grigio), Germanic influence
    VenetoAmarone, Valpolicella, Soave, Prosecco
    Friuli-Venezia GiuliaOrange wines, Ribolla Gialla, Sauvignon Blanc, skin-contact whites
    Emilia-RomagnaLambrusco, Sangiovese, sparkling reds, food-friendly wines
    Tuscany (Toscana)Chianti, Brunello, Vino Nobile, Super Tuscans
    UmbriaSagrantino di Montefalco, Grechetto, Orvieto
    MarcheVerdicchio, Rosso Conero, Montepulciano blends
    LazioFrascati, Cesanese, ancient Roman white wine zones
    AbruzzoMontepulciano d’Abruzzo, Trebbiano
    MoliseSmall production, Biferno DOC, Tintilia grape revival
    CampaniaTaurasi, Fiano di Avellino, Greco di Tufo, Falanghina
    BasilicataAglianico del Vulture, high-altitude volcanic reds
    Puglia (Apulia)Primitivo, Negroamaro, full-bodied value reds
    CalabriaGaglioppo-based Cirò, Greco Bianco
    Sicily (Sicilia)Nero d’Avola, Etna wines, Grillo, Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
    Sardinia (Sardegna)Vermentino di Gallura DOCG, Cannonau (Grenache)
    Photo by Brett Jordan on Pexels.com

    Is the Stamp of Quality a Marketing Ploy?

    Let’s be honest: a neck label with “DOCG” in shiny gold doesn’t guarantee your world will change with one sip. But it does serve a purpose.

    Benefits to Consumers:

    • Trust & transparency – You know where the wine is from and what’s inside
    • Production standards – DOCG wines are lab-tested and taste-tested
    • Cultural value – These labels preserve traditional winemaking and protect local identity

    But Don’t Be Fooled…

    • Some DOCs and IGTs outperform DOCGs in quality
    • DOCG upgrades are sometimes politically driven
    • Great wine can come from outside the system

    So yes, there’s a marketing angle—but it’s rooted in protecting regional identity, improving quality, and guiding consumers. Like any guide, it’s useful but not absolute.

    SOMM&SOMM TIP: How to Use the Pyramid When Buying Wine

    1. For traditionalists: Start with DOCG, especially Barolo, Brunello, Amarone.
    2. For adventurers: Explore DOCs in less-known regions like Umbria, Marche, or Molise.
    3. For rebels & innovators: Dive into IGTs—you’ll find unusual blends, single vineyard gems, and creative winemaking at great value.
    4. For budget-conscious buyers: DOC wines often strike the best balance between structure, tradition, and price.

    Embrace the Chaos with a Glass in Hand

    Italy’s wine classifications can seem maddening, but they’re part of the country’s charm. Each DOCG and DOC tells a story—of place, people, and pride. IGT reminds us that some rules are made to be broken. The pyramid isn’t perfect, but it’s a powerful lens through which to explore one of the world’s most diverse wine-producing nations.

    So the next time you pick up a bottle of Barolo or a renegade IGT Syrah from Sicily, remember: you’re not just drinking wine—you’re tasting history, rebellion, and a little bit of bureaucracy in a bottle.

    Cin cin, amici 🍷

    Cover photo by Pava, CC BY-SA 3.0 IT, via Wikimedia Commons

  • Varietal Spotlight: Gewürztraminer

    Varietal Spotlight: Gewürztraminer

    The Spicy Grape You’ll Love to Say–and Sip.

    Let’s be honest: just saying “Gewürztraminer” feels like a party trick. (It’s guh-VOORTS-trah-mee-ner, by the way.) But behind this tongue-twisting name lies one of the most expressive, aromatic, and misunderstood white grapes in the world of wine. As spring blooms and summer beckons, it’s time to clear a spot in your fridge—and your heart—for Gewürztraminer.

    This isn’t your average white wine. No, this is the electric silk scarf of the wine world—bright, bold, perfumed, and a little dramatic in all the best ways. It’s the grape equivalent of a jazz saxophone solo at a garden party: unexpected, sultry, and unforgettable.

    Marianne Casamance, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Aromatic Origins and Spicy Roots

    Gewürztraminer literally means “spiced Traminer” in German, and its origins trace back to the ancient Traminer grape of the Alpine foothills, particularly the village of Tramin (Termeno) in northern Italy’s South Tyrol. While Gewürztraminer found its stylistic footing in the cool regions of Alsace, France, its true home is arguably the terroir itself—wherever it can show off its sultry perfume, spicy attitude, and plush texture.

    Today, Gewürztraminer is grown across the world—from the misty vineyards of Oregon and the Sonoma coast to the steep slopes of Germany’s Pfalz, the volcanic soils of New Zealand’s South Island, and even in Canada’s Okanagan Valley. Each region draws out a different side of its personality, like a well-traveled artist who learns a new dance in every country visited.

    Lychee, Roses, and a Hint of Sass

    Pop open a bottle and your nose will be greeted by a fragrant bouquet of rose petals, lychee fruit, ginger, and baking spices—often with tropical notes like passionfruit or mango dancing around the edges. On the palate, Gewürztraminer can range from dry to lusciously sweet, but it’s always full-bodied and plush with an unmissable sense of richness.

    Unlike your lean and zippy Sauvignon Blanc, Gewürztraminer is a white wine with curves. She lingers on the palate, smolders in the glass, and unapologetically commands your attention. Don’t expect high acidity—that’s not her thing. This is a low-acid grape with a velvet robe and a perfume bottle in hand.

    Same Grape, Different Groove

    • Alsace, France: The spiritual home of Gewürztraminer. Wines from Alsace (our personal favorite) are often off-dry to sweet, with intense aromatics, spice, and a rich mouthfeel. They pair beautifully with pungent cheeses, foie gras, and spiced dishes. Look for Grand Cru bottlings for age-worthy, structured versions.
    • Germany (Pfalz and Baden): Slightly cooler climate equals slightly more acidity. Expect floral elegance, stone fruits, and a drier style that pairs beautifully with grilled pork, sausages, or spaetzle.
    • Italy (Alto Adige/South Tyrol): Fresh, floral, and focused. The mountainous altitude and alpine air give a vibrant backbone to the wines. Think of this as a leaner, more mineral-driven interpretation with a spicy citrus twist.
    • United States (Sonoma, Mendocino, Finger Lakes): Ripe, full-bodied, and often a little drier than expected. These American Gewürztraminers can stand up to barbecue, Cajun shrimp, and even tacos al pastor.
    • New Zealand: Tropical fruit bomb with zingy ginger and a weighty texture. Great with Thai curry, poke bowls, or grilled pineapple and pork skewers.
    • Canada (Okanagan Valley): Crisp and aromatic with a delicate sweetness—perfect for pairing with Asian-fusion cuisine or rich pâté.

    Gewürztraminer Gets Weird (and Wins)

    This is a food lover’s wine—especially if you enjoy bold, fragrant, spicy, or umami-rich dishes. Gewürztraminer walks into a room where other wines fear to tread.

    • Spicy Thai and Indian cuisine – A classic. That lychee sweetness calms the fire while the aromatic intensity matches the herbs and spices.
    • Miso-glazed cod or tofu – Umami meets floral in this unexpected high-five of flavor.
    • Pungent cheeses – Think Munster, Taleggio, or a rind-washed affair. Gewürztraminer meets the challenge head-on.
    • Roast duck with apricot glaze – Rich meets richer, fruit meets spice, and your palate throws a party.
    • Charcuterie boards – Gewürztraminer stands tall beside prosciutto, pâté, and all your favorite pickled things.
    • Brunch – Yep. Poached eggs with smoked salmon and hollandaise, curried deviled eggs, or even a cinnamon roll and fresh fruit salad. It’s a brunch superstar.

    The Aromatic Rebel

    While Gewürztraminer lacks the vast PR machine of Chardonnay or the cult status of Pinot Noir, it holds a special place in the hearts of sommeliers and rebels alike. It’s a wine that refuses to be boxed in—stylistically flamboyant, regionally expressive, and endlessly fascinating.

    Legend has it that monks in Tramin cultivated early versions of the grape to match the aromatic intensity of their incense. Whether or not that’s true, there’s something undeniably sacred about its perfume. Each glass is a sensory blessing.

    So, Why Now?

    Because spring is here, and summer’s heat is just around the corner. Gewürztraminer, served chilled, offers refreshment and complexity in a single pour. It’s the wine for dinner on the patio, for spontaneous picnics, and for moments when life feels too short for boring wine.

    So here’s your mission: seek out a Gewürztraminer you’ve never tried before. Ask your local wine shop what’s new. Taste Alsace side-by-side with New Zealand. Host a Gewürz & Curry night. Or just pour a glass, breathe in those rose petals, and say the name out loud until you grin.

    Gewürztraminer. Spicy, aromatic, unforgettable.

    Just like you.

    Cover photo by Rolf Kranz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • Sangria: A Storied Sip Through Time, Terroir, and Tradition

    Sangria: A Storied Sip Through Time, Terroir, and Tradition

    Sangria isn’t just a fruity summer sipper—it’s a centuries-old wine tradition that’s steeped in history, shaped by terroir, and endlessly customizable. This refreshing wine punch has evolved from ancient practices into a beloved warm-weather drink enjoyed around the world.

    In this post, we’ll explore Sangria’s history, grape varietals, cultural cousins, and offer you a few vibrant recipes and pairings to make your own unforgettable pitcher this season.

    A Brief History of Sangria

    Roman Origins

    The roots of Sangria trace back to 200 B.C., when the Romans planted vineyards throughout the Iberian Peninsula. They often mixed wine with water, herbs, and fruits to improve flavor and ensure safe drinking. This laid the foundation for fruit-infused wine traditions across Europe.

    Moorish Influence & Medieval Spices

    In the Middle Ages, wine-based drinks like hippocras (wine spiced with cinnamon, ginger, and clove) became popular. The Moors introduced distillation to Spain, paving the way for brandy—now a key Sangria ingredient.

    The Rise of Sangria

    By the 18th century, Spain had embraced a red wine punch known as Sangria, named after sangre (Spanish for “blood”) due to its deep red hue. It gained popularity in the Americas in the 19th century and skyrocketed into global stardom after being served at the 1964 World’s Fair in New York.

    Photo by Aida Shukuhi on Pexels.com

    Wines & Grape Varietals Used in Sangria

    A great Sangria starts with good wine. Here are the key grapes to know:

    Red Wines for Classic Sangria

    • Garnacha (Grenache): Juicy, low-tannin, strawberry-forward
    • Tempranillo: Earthy, structured, with subtle spice and red fruit

    White Wines for Sangria Blanca

    • Albariño: Citrus-zesty, coastal, floral
    • Verdejo: Crisp, melon-like, herbal
    • Cava (Sparkling): Spain’s dry bubbly—adds zest and elegance

    Rosé Wines

    • Dry Spanish or Provençal rosés offer bright berry notes and beautiful color, perfect for spring and summer takes.

    Sangria’s Global Cousins: Wine-Based Refreshers Around the World

    🇪🇸 Tinto de Verano (Spain)

    Red wine + lemon soda. Simple, refreshing, less sweet than Sangria.

    🇪🇸 Kalimotxo (Basque Country)

    Red wine + cola with a twist of lime. Bold and unexpectedly delicious.

    🇺🇾 Clericó (Argentina, Uruguay)

    White wine-based punch with tropical fruits. Often served during holidays.

    🇩🇪 May Wine (Germany)

    White wine with sweet woodruff and strawberries—sipped in springtime.

    🇪🇸 Zurra (Spain)

    A richer, brandied variation of Sangria with stone fruits and sometimes fortified wines.

    Sangria Styles & Variations

    1. Traditional Red Sangria

    • Base: Garnacha or Tempranillo
    • Add: Oranges, apples, lemons, brandy, sugar
    • Taste: Juicy, bright, slightly spiced

    2. White Peach Sangria

    • Base: Albariño or dry Riesling
    • Add: Peaches, apples, pears, elderflower liqueur
    • Taste: Light, floral, elegant

    3. Rosé Berry Sangria

    • Base: Dry Rosé
    • Add: Strawberries, raspberries, orange slices, Aperol
    • Taste: Fruity, citrusy, vibrant pink hue

    4. Sparkling Sangria

    • Base: Cava or Prosecco
    • Add: Berries, citrus, mint, Grand Marnier
    • Taste: Effervescent and celebratory
    Photo by Charlotte May on Pexels.com

    How to Serve Sangria Like a Pro

    • Glassware: Stemless wine glasses or goblets
    • Presentation: Serve in clear pitchers to show off the fruit
    • Garnish: Fresh mint, basil, citrus wheels, edible flowers
    • Tip: Add ice to individual glasses, not the pitcher, to prevent dilution

    Perfect Pairings for Warm Weather Sangria

    • Classic Red Sangria: Tapas, grilled meats, Manchego cheese
    • White Peach Sangria: Shrimp ceviche, summer salads, goat cheese crostini
    • Rosé Sangria: Charcuterie, watermelon & feta salad, berry tarts
    • Sparkling Sangria: Brunch fare, fried appetizers, picnic plates

    Three Sangria Recipes to Try This Season

    🍊 Classic Red Sangria

    Ingredients:

    • 1 bottle Garnacha or Tempranillo
    • 1 orange, sliced
    • 1 lemon, sliced
    • 1 apple, diced
    • 2 oz Spanish brandy
    • 2 tbsp sugar
    • Splash of soda water (optional)

    Instructions:
    Macerate fruit and sugar for 15 minutes. Add wine and brandy. Chill 2–4 hours. Serve over ice.

    🍑 White Peach Sangria

    Ingredients:

    • 1 bottle Albariño or dry Riesling
    • 2 peaches, sliced
    • 1 green apple, sliced
    • 1 pear, sliced
    • 1 oz elderflower liqueur
    • 1 oz brandy
    • 1 tbsp honey

    Instructions:
    Combine all, stir well, and chill 4 hours. Garnish with fresh mint before serving.

    🍓 Rosé Berry Sangria

    Ingredients:

    • 1 bottle dry rosé
    • 1 cup strawberries, halved
    • 1/2 cup raspberries
    • 1 orange, sliced
    • 2 oz Aperol
    • Splash of lemon-lime soda

    Instructions:
    Combine ingredients, chill for 2 hours, and serve cold over ice.

    Raise a Glass to Spring & Summer

    Sangria is more than a drink—it’s a celebration of wine, fruit, and fellowship. It reflects the soul of the regions that created it and adapts effortlessly to fresh fruit, seasonal vibes, and local wines.

    Whether you’re hosting a brunch, planning a beach picnic, or simply relaxing on the porch, Sangria is your invitation to slow down, sip, and savor.

    Salud! 🍷

    🔗 Want more wine knowledge, pairing tips, and cocktail stories?

    Subscribe and/or follow us on Instagram @SOMMandSOMM for more recipes, regional wine deep-dives, and seasonal pairing guides.

    Cover Photo by Alec Adriano on Pexels.com

  • Rosé All the Way

    Rosé All the Way

    The Art, Lore & Allure of the World’s Most Expressive Pink Wines.

    Rosé is more than a seasonal sipper—it’s a movement. From the windswept cliffs of Provence to the volcanic slopes of Sicily, rosé wine embodies culture, craftsmanship, and character. Whether you’re a pink wine purist or a curious explorer, this deep dive will take you through the history, styles, techniques, and pairings that make rosé one of the world’s most expressive wine styles.

    Regions Where Rosé is King

    Provence – The Icon

    Provence is where rosé earned its crown. Known for pale, dry, and crisp expressions, Provençal rosé is a staple on patios and pairings worldwide.

    Tavel – The Rhône Valley’s Pink Powerhouse

    Tavel is the only AOC in the Rhône dedicated solely to rosé—and it shows. These wines are deeper in color and richer in structure, with serious aging potential.

    Italy – Rosato Renaissance

    Italy delivers robust, food-loving rosati from Abruzzo and Sicily, full of local character and Mediterranean flair.

    Spain – Navarra & Rioja Rosado

    In northern Spain, old-vine Garnacha thrives in the rosado style—bright, structured, and ready for tapas.

    California – Innovation Meets Blush

    Rosé in California ranges from crisp Pinot Noir in Santa Barbara to bold, spicy Zinfandel rosé in Paso Robles.

    • Sommelier Pick: Bedrock Wine Co. “Ode to Lulu” (Mourvèdre-based)
    • Pair With: BBQ chicken, fried chicken, watermelon salad

    Around the World

    • Argentina: Malbec rosé—lush, dark-fruited, and food-friendly
    • Germany: Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir) rosé—delicate and mineral-driven
    • South Africa: Pinotage rosé—smoky, vibrant, unforgettable
    • Australia: Shiraz rosé—juicy and perfect for spicy fare
    Tavel – Prieuré de Montézargues Rosé – Véronique PAGNIER, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    How Rosé is Made

    Contrary to popular belief, rosé is not red and white wine blended together (except in Champagne). There are four primary techniques used to craft rosé:

    1. Direct Press (Vin Gris)

    • Minimal skin contact, delicate extraction
    • Lightest in color and body
    • Best For: Pinot Noir, Grenache

    2. Maceration

    • Skins soak with juice for 6–24 hours
    • Controlled color, flavor, and texture
    • Used In: Provence, Tavel, Spain

    3. Saignée (“Bleeding”)

    • Juice is bled from red wine fermentations
    • Rosé byproduct, often bold and structured
    • Common In: Napa, Sonoma

    4. Blending (Champagne Only)

    • Still red wine added to white base wine
    • Only legal in Champagne
    • Sommelier Pick: Billecart-Salmon Brut Rosé
    • Pair With: Sushi, duck confit, strawberry shortcake

    🍇 Grape Varietals That Make Rosé Shine

    VarietalNotesRegions
    GrenacheJuicy, spicy, versatileFrance, Spain, California
    Pinot NoirDelicate, floral, etherealFrance, Oregon, Germany
    MourvèdreSavory, structured, earthyBandol, Spain, California
    SangioveseCherry-forward, crisp acidityTuscany, Central Coast
    ZinfandelFruit-driven, peppery, energeticCalifornia
    SyrahDark-fruited, bold, spicedRhône, Australia
    TempranilloTomato leaf, strawberry, tobaccoSpain, Texas
    Cabernet FrancHerbal, leafy, medium-bodiedLoire, Finger Lakes
    Image by Sarah Stierch (CC BY 4.0), Creative Commons

    Perfect Rosé Pairings by Style

    Light & Crisp Rosé (Provence-style)

    • Niçoise salad
    • Goat cheese tart
    • Lemony grilled chicken
    • White anchovy crostini

    Bold & Structured Rosé (Tavel, Mourvèdre-based)

    • Duck confit
    • Lamb chops with rosemary
    • Mushroom risotto
    • Charred octopus

    Sparkling Rosé (Champagne & Beyond)

    • Fried chicken
    • Smoked salmon blinis
    • Fresh berries & cream
    • Sushi rolls

    New World Rosé (Zinfandel, Syrah, Sangiovese)

    • Pizza with prosciutto
    • Tacos al pastor
    • BBQ pork sliders
    • Spicy Thai noodles

    Must-Have Rosés to Try

    1. Château d’Esclans Whispering Angel – Provençal charm and elegance
    2. Domaine de la Mordorée Tavel Rosé – Serious structure and depth
    3. Domaine Tempier Bandol Rosé – Earthy, savory, age-worthy
    4. Billecart-Salmon Brut Rosé Champagne – Sparkling royalty
    5. Las Jaras Rosé (California) – Natural wine, balanced and vibrant
    6. Torre dei Beati Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo – Italian soul in a pink bottle

    Final Sip

    Rosé isn’t a novelty—it’s a winemaking philosophy that expresses a grape’s essence with delicacy and flair. Whether you’re serving tapas, sushi, or spicy wings, there’s a rosé out there to elevate the moment. Cheers 🩷

    Cover image: Missvain, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • How Modern Winemaking Sacrifices Soul for Consistency

    How Modern Winemaking Sacrifices Soul for Consistency

    In a world that celebrates convenience and uniformity, wine—once the purest expression of nature, time, and place—has increasingly become just another consumer good. Something repeatable. Predictable. Safe. It’s no longer shocking to find wines on supermarket shelves that taste exactly the same from one year to the next, regardless of vintage variation, weather catastrophes, or harvest conditions. But the question isn’t just how they do it. The question is why we let it happen.

    The answer lies in a complex web of regulatory loopholes, mass production incentives, and a calculated disregard for terroir in favor of branding.

    Let’s pull the cork on this bottle of truth.

    Photo by David on Pexels.com

    The Myth of Yearly Uniformity

    Vintage matters. Or at least, it should.

    Each year offers a different symphony of weather patterns, soil moisture, sunlight hours, and grape health. In the hands of a winemaker dedicated to authenticity, these variables are not burdens—they are stories. They are a vintage’s voice.

    But when a brand demands a Pinot Noir that tastes identical whether it’s 2019 or 2023, something must give. And that something is integrity.

    Mainstream wines that offer this seamless “sameness” do so by manipulating the very fabric of the wine itself—pushing, pulling, blending, and fining until any trace of vintage expression is bleached out, polished, and made palatable for the masses.

    Photo by Arthur Brognoli on Pexels.com

    What They Don’t Teach in Tasting Rooms

    Let’s talk technique. Below are just a few of the most common manipulations used to turn wine into a product, rather than a place.

    Cross-Regional and Cross-Vintage Blending

    Many large-scale producers legally blend grapes and wines from multiple regions and years—even if the bottle proudly proclaims a specific AVA or vintage.

    • In the U.S., for a wine to list a vintage on the label, only 85% of the wine needs to be from that year (if an AVA is listed, 95% of the wine must be from that year).
    • To list a varietal like Cabernet Sauvignon, just 75% of the wine must be that grape.
    • For AVA labeling (like Napa Valley), 85% of the grapes must come from that AVA, leaving 15% open to grapes from cheaper, less expressive areas.

    Reference: Wine Labeling: Appellation of Origin (TTB)

    That’s 15–25% wiggle room per bottle. Multiply that across millions of cases, and what you have is a flavor profile engineered through spreadsheets rather than soil.

    Fining and Filtering to Death

    Fining—originally intended to clarify wine and reduce unwanted elements—has become a blunt instrument of manipulation.

    Modern mass-market wines are heavily fined with substances like:

    • PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) – a synthetic polymer that strips bitterness and browning pigments.
    • Gelatin, egg whites, isinglass – protein-based agents that strip tannins, texture, and character.
    • Bentonite clay – used to strip proteins but also body and nuance.

    The result? A wine stripped of its edges, its energy, its very fingerprint.

    Photo by MART PRODUCTION on Pexels.com

    Additive Alchemy

    Winemaking additives are the dirty little secret of the industry. In many countries (including the U.S.), wineries are not required to list additives on labels. This means consumers have no idea that their wine might contain:

    • Mega Purple – a concentrated grape juice colorant and sweetener that “corrects” wines lacking color or fruit.
    • Gum arabic – used to add “mouthfeel” to thin, insipid wines.
    • Tartaric acid or potassium bicarbonate – used to balance acid levels when nature doesn’t cooperate.
    • Oak chips, staves, powders, essences – injected to mimic barrel aging without the cost or time.

    What do these additives share? They mute the differences. They help standardize wines so that every bottle fits the brand’s flavor promise, regardless of vineyard or year.

    Related Article: Understanding Additives in Wine: A Comprehensive Guide

    Reverse Osmosis & Spinning Cone Technology

    These advanced (and expensive) tools are used to:

    • Remove alcohol (if it’s too high).
    • Concentrate flavors (if it’s too weak).
    • Adjust volatile acidity.
    • Strip out flaws—but along the way, also strip out nuance.

    What you’re left with is a Frankenstein wine… crafted not by the vineyard, but by a lab technician’s gentle dial-turn.

    Quantity Over Quality: Who Benefits?

    This isn’t an artisanal choice. It’s a business model.

    Major conglomerates (you know the ones) move wine by the millions of cases. To them, consistency is the product. Terroir is the enemy. A bad weather year in Sonoma? No problem—blend in juice from Lodi or even Australia. Acid too low? Add some. Tannin too coarse? Strip it out. Consumer doesn’t like the 2020 vintage? Make it taste like the 2019.

    This model rewards branding, not balance. Marketing, not mastery.

    And consumers, trained to expect sameness, continue to buy the bottles they recognize.

    But There Is Another Way…

    The antidote is not elitism or snobbery—it’s education. We owe it to the next generation of wine lovers to show them the beauty of vintage variation, the quirks of terroir, the soulful surprise of a wine that tells the truth.

    To the winemakers who listen to the land—who embrace the sun and the storms, the struggle and the soil. You bottle more than wine… you bottle truth.

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    We should be teaching people that it’s okay for a wine to be different each year. That’s what makes wine alive.

    Seek out producers who:

    • Farm sustainably or biodynamically.
    • Embrace vintage differences rather than hide them.
    • Make transparent wine, with minimal additives.
    • Are proud to tell you exactly what’s in the bottle.

    Sommelier’s Tip: How to Spot a Manipulated Wine

    Want to avoid mass-produced, overly manipulated wines? Here are a few sommelier-tested clues:

    • Too Consistent: If a wine tastes exactly the same every vintage, it’s probably blended or adjusted to meet a flavor profile—not to reflect nature.
    • Generic Origin: Look for vague labels like “California Red” or “American White.” These allow broad blending across states and years.
    • Missing Vintage or Varietal Details: No vintage? No specific vineyard or AVA? That’s usually a sign of high-volume blending.
    • Overly Glossy Tasting Notes: Descriptions like “smooth,” “jammy,” “silky,” and “velvety” are often marketing red flags, masking overuse of additives.
    • Ultra-Cheap Price with Oak Claims: If it says “barrel-aged” but costs under $10, you’re likely drinking oak flavoring—not true barrel character.

    When in doubt, trust your palate—and your curiosity. If a wine tastes oddly perfect, it may just be perfectly fake.

    Final Pour

    Mainstream wine has become a symphony of sameness, manipulated into palatable mediocrity for profit. But wine is not meant to be the same every year. It is meant to reflect a moment in time—of weather, of soil, of sweat and struggle and sunlight. When we sterilize that, we lose the poetry of it all.

    The next time you taste a wine that dares to be different, that speaks of rain in the vineyard or a scorching summer, raise your glass in gratitude.

    To those who honor terroir, vintage, and the story of every vine—your work reminds us that beauty lies in honesty. Here’s to the soul of real wine. Santé! 🍷

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Because that’s not just wine.

    That’s truth in a bottle 🍷

    Cover Image: Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

  • Varietal Spotlight: Pinot Grigio

    Varietal Spotlight: Pinot Grigio

    A Chameleon of the Vine.

    Few grapes have worn as many masks or traveled so extensively across terroirs and tables as Pinot Grigio. Often stereotyped as a light and simple white wine, Pinot Grigio is, in truth, a varietal of complexity and contradiction. Its genetics, nomenclature, and expressive range offer a story as nuanced as its finest bottlings. Whether known as Pinot Gris in France, Grauburgunder in Germany, or Szürkebarát in Hungary, this grey-skinned grape holds a passport stamped with centuries of intrigue.

    A Grey Mutation with Noble Roots

    Pinot Grigio is a white wine grape, though its skins range from bluish-grey to pinkish-brown, hence the name grigio, meaning “grey” in Italian. It is a mutation of Pinot Noir, its noble Burgundian cousin. The Pinot family is notoriously prone to clonal variation, which has given us Pinot Blanc, Pinot Meunier, and Pinot Gris, among others.

    The earliest documented mentions of Pinot Gris (its original name) date back to the Middle Ages in Burgundy, France. By the 14th century, it had migrated to Hungary—beloved by monks—and then further east and north into Germany, Switzerland, and eventually Italy.

    In Italy, the grape found its most iconic modern identity as Pinot Grigio, particularly in the cooler regions of the northeast, such as Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Veneto.

    Photo by karelle mtgr on Pexels.com

    Cultural Names & Expressions of Pinot Grigio

    Pinot Grigio’s global footprint has led to a rich array of local names and stylistic interpretations:

    • France: Pinot Gris
      In Alsace, it produces rich, spicy, full-bodied wines with notable viscosity and aging potential. Often off-dry to sweet in style, Alsatian Pinot Gris may include noble rot (botrytis) influence.
    • Italy: Pinot Grigio
      Known for a light-bodied, crisp, and zesty expression, often with notes of lemon, green apple, and almond. However, producers in Friuli and Alto Adige have pushed for more serious expressions, showcasing texture and complexity.
    • Germany: Grauburgunder or Ruländer
      These wines range from dry and mineral-driven to rich and sweet, depending on region and winemaking intention. The Pfalz and Baden regions produce particularly compelling versions.
    • Hungary: Szürkebarát (literally “Grey Monk”)
      Tends to be rounder and more aromatic, a nod to its Hungarian monastic roots and volcanic soils.
    • United States: Both Pinot Grigio and Pinot Gris are used
      Oregon is famous for emulating the Alsace style, producing lush, peachy wines, while California often leans toward the Italian-style—lighter and more citrus-forward.
    • Austria & Switzerland: Known occasionally as Grauer Burgunder
      Styles tend to follow the German model, though with more restrained fruit and alpine freshness.

    Flavor Profiles & Winemaking Styles

    The grape’s thin skin and low phenolic content lend itself to a range of expressions based on:

    • Climate: Cool climates tend to yield high acidity and light body; warmer climates enhance stone fruit and honeyed richness.
    • Vinification: Skin-contact (“Ramato” style), oak aging, or lees stirring can impart significant texture and complexity.
    • Terroir: Volcanic soils (like in Hungary or parts of Alsace) add mineral tension, while marl and limestone (seen in parts of Germany and France) can enhance structure and ageability.

    The Forgotten Copper-Hued Expression

    A special shoutout is deserved for Ramato (Italian for “coppery”)—a traditional Venetian style of Pinot Grigio made with extended skin contact, resulting in a rosé-like or orange wine hue. It offers flavors of dried apricot, tea leaf, orange peel, and spice, and is a fabulous bridge between white and red wine experiences.

    Famous and Notable Producers

    🇮🇹 Italy

    • Livio Felluga – Friuli-Venezia Giulia: elegant and structured Pinot Grigio.
    • Alois Lageder – Alto Adige: biodynamic and expressive wines.
    • Santa Margherita – Veneto: the name that put Pinot Grigio on the map in the U.S., popularizing the crisp, clean style.

    🇫🇷 France (Alsace)

    🇺🇸 United States

    • King Estate (Oregon) – Organic, food-friendly Pinot Gris.
    • J Vineyards (California) – Crisp and fruity Pinot Grigio expressions.
    Glass of Pinot Grigio – cogdogblog, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Pairing Pinot Grigio

    Pinot Grigio is one of the most versatile food wines. Here’s how to play with its many faces:

    Complementary Pairings (Match body and texture)

    • Light Italian Pinot Grigio:
      Mozzarella, white fish ceviche, lemony chicken piccata, arugula salads with citrus vinaigrette.
    • Ramato-style Pinot Grigio:
      Mushroom risotto, shrimp and grits, caramelized onion tart, garlic-roasted vegetables.
    • Alsace Pinot Gris:
      Duck with cherry reduction, Munster cheese, pork with peach chutney, spicy Thai curry.
    • Grauburgunder from Germany:
      Smoked pork, aged gouda, cabbage rolls, herb-roasted chicken.

    Contrasting Pairings (Balance or elevate through opposition)

    • Pair dry Pinot Grigio with rich creamy sauces (like Scott’s Creamy Dreamy Alfredo) to cut through fat.
    • Pair aromatic Pinot Gris with spicy dishes to mellow heat.
    • Pair acidic Pinot Grigio with fried foods to cleanse the palate.
    • Pair Ramato styles with umami-heavy dishes like soy-glazed salmon or miso ramen.

    A Grape Worth Rediscovery

    Though often dismissed as a mass-market crowd-pleaser, Pinot Grigio is a shapeshifter that reflects its origin with remarkable fidelity. Whether you’re sipping a breezy Veneto bottling by the pool, enjoying an umami-rich Ramato with aged cheeses, or savoring a noble Alsace Pinot Gris in a candlelit bistro, this varietal offers something for every palate—and every plate.

    To overlook it is to miss a grape with the depth of a philosopher and the charisma of a traveler. It’s time to reintroduce yourself to Pinot Grigio—not as a wine list default, but as a cultural adventure in a glass ♥️

    Cover image: Mark Smith, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • What Wine Pairs with Cheerios? (And Why We Even Bother Pairing at All)

    What Wine Pairs with Cheerios? (And Why We Even Bother Pairing at All)

    We’ve heard the jokes.

    “What wine pairs best with Honey Nut Cheerios?”

    “Is it wrong to serve rosé with pizza rolls?”

    “Do sommeliers judge you if you mix boxed wine and SpaghettiOs?”

    First of all—no, we don’t judge you. Second, the right answer is Moscato d’Asti, but we’ll get to that.

    When we first started SOMM&SOMM, our goal wasn’t to turn your Tuesday night dinner into a Michelin-starred tasting menu. It was to help people get more out of their wine—whether they were swirling a $300 Bordeaux or cracking open a $7 screw cap while making mac and cheese in their pajamas.

    But somewhere along the way, “pairing” became a dirty word. People started thinking of wine pairing as elitist, overly complicated, or, worse—unnecessary. So today, let’s break it down. What IS the point of wine pairing? Why do we care so much about it? And yes, what wine actually does pair with Cheerios?

    The Method to Our Madness: Why We Talk About Pairings So Much

    Pairings Enhance the Wine (And the Food)

    At the core, pairing wine with food is about synergy. When done right, a great pairing makes both the wine and the dish taste better. It’s not about snobbery—it’s chemistry.

    Fat softens tannin. Acid cuts through richness. Sweet balances spice. Salt makes a wine pop like confetti in your mouth. That’s not fancy—that’s science. It’s also the reason you might find a crisp Sauvignon Blanc tastes brighter with goat cheese, or how a smoky Syrah can make barbecue ribs sing.

    Think of it like a duet. Alone, each performer is fine. But together? Magic.

    Wine is an Agricultural Product—So is Food

    Wine is made from grapes. Grapes come from the ground. Food comes from the ground. Boom. You already have something in common.

    For thousands of years, regional wines evolved with the local cuisine. Chianti with tomato-sauced pasta. Riesling with spicy sausage in Alsace. Sherry with Spanish tapas. It wasn’t curated—it just worked.

    By understanding pairings, you’re tapping into centuries of intuitive flavor-building. That’s not pretentious. That’s tradition.

    It’s About Experience, Not Perfection

    We’re not here to tell you there’s only one right answer. We’re here to help you discover what you like, why it works, and how to recreate that experience again and again. Pairing isn’t about rules—it’s about results.

    If you find out that a buttery Chardonnay makes your favorite fried chicken taste like crispy heaven on earth, then congratulations—you just paired. No white tablecloth required.

    Okay, But Seriously—What Wine Goes with Cheerios?

    Let’s do this. Why not?

    • Original Cheerios – Dry Champagne or Brut Nature Cava. The cereal is toasty and grainy, which mirrors the brioche notes in a good bottle of bubbles. Plus, the saltiness of the cereal (yes, there is salt in it) wakes up the acidity.
    • Honey Nut Cheerios – Moscato d’Asti or a semi-dry German Riesling. Light fizz, gentle sweetness, and orchard fruit flavors meet the honey glaze like a breakfast dance party.
    • Fruity Cheerios – Lambrusco (semi-sweet) or Brachetto d’Acqui. You need fruit on fruit here, and the bright, berry-splashed bubbles of Lambrusco hit the nostalgia just right.
    • Multigrain Cheerios – Chenin Blanc. Why? It’s got enough backbone and apple/pear notes to highlight the mild sweetness and whole-grain depth without overpowering anything.
    • Chocolate Cheerios – Ruby Port. No, really. It’s dessert in a bowl. Treat it like one. Pour a splash of Port, raise your eyebrows, and pretend you planned this.

    Now, we’re not suggesting you open a 1982 Château Lafite and pour it next to your breakfast. But when someone says, “What’s the point of pairing?”—this is the point: Everything tastes better when you pay attention.

    What Happens When You Don’t Pair Thoughtfully?

    We’re glad you asked. You can absolutely drink red wine with oysters, but it’s going to taste like licking a battery. Ever tried a high-alcohol Cabernet with spicy curry? That burning sensation is real, folks.

    Bad pairings don’t just ruin the wine—they mute the dish, too. That silky, creamy brie turns rubbery with a tannic red. That delicate sushi roll gets bulldozed by Zinfandel. The idea isn’t that one is better than the other—it’s that they’re better together when you choose wisely.

    We’re Not Fancy—We’re Passionate

    At SOMM&SOMM, we’re not out here judging your Tuesday dinner or trying to shame your frozen lasagna. We’re out here saying, “Hey, that frozen lasagna? It could be awesome with a Barbera.”

    We want people to feel what we feel when a pairing sings. When a sip of Albariño makes your shrimp taco taste ten times zestier. When a tawny Port turns a spoonful of Stilton into a flavor epiphany. When your cheap Merlot suddenly tastes like velvet because you served it with roast duck instead of garlic hummus and regret.

    Pairing isn’t about status—it’s about satisfaction.

    To wine with purpose, food with flair,
    and cereal that finally found its soulmate.
    Here’s to pairing without pretension—
    and sipping with a smile. Cheers! 🥂

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Why We Care (Even About Cereal)

    The next time someone asks us what wine goes with Cheerios, we’ll smile. Because we get it—it’s a cheeky question. But deep down, it’s also the question we love answering.

    Because if you’re asking, it means you’re curious. And curiosity? That’s the beginning of every great food and wine journey.

    So go ahead—pair that wine. Ask the question. Try the weird combo. Discover your preferences. Laugh when it’s wrong. Celebrate when it’s right.

    Wine is meant to bring joy, not judgment. And if we’ve helped even one person find a pairing that makes them go “WOW,” then all the Cheerios jokes and snarky remarks in the world are worth it.

    Stay curious. Stay playful. And if you really want to know what wine pairs with Cap’n Crunch? We’ve got thoughts. 🍷

  • The Sound of Rain and the Pour of Wine

    The Sound of Rain and the Pour of Wine

    April is here, draped in a mist of expectation. Rain is no longer a threat to plans but a gift to the world, saturating the soil, feeding life, and inspiring poets to ink their thoughts with delight. As the gentle drum of droplets taps against the windowpane, it’s an invitation to reflect, relax, and recharge.

    Rain plays its part in the vineyards, a necessary yet delicate dance. In the early stages of the growing season, moderate rainfall nourishes the soil, promoting healthy vine growth and preparing the plants for fruitful harvests to come. But too much rain, particularly close to harvest, can dilute grape flavors and cause rot. Balance, as with all things wine-related, is key.

    Photo by Magda Ehlers on Pexels.com

    To the vintner, rain can be a blessing or a curse. To the wine lover, however, rain is often pure serenity—a tranquil backdrop that heightens the sensory experience of a good glass of wine. There’s something inherently soothing about cradling a glass of Pinot Noir while gazing at the misty horizon, the air cool and crisp, the world slowed down.

    The Art of Pairing Wine with Rain

    The mood of rain varies, from the soft drizzle that barely kisses the earth to the torrential downpour that leaves the world drenched. Each type of rain, much like each style of wine, has its own character.

    • Light Drizzle: The kind of rain that leaves droplets clinging to flower petals and grass blades. This gentle rain calls for a crisp, aromatic white wine—something bright and floral, like a Riesling from Mosel or a Sauvignon Blanc from Sancerre. The vibrant acidity and fresh citrus notes mirror the revitalization occurring outside. Pair these wines with goat cheese crostini, lemon-dressed arugula salad, or smoked salmon canapés.
    • Steady Rain: When rain patters consistently against rooftops and pools along sidewalks, it’s time for a wine that complements the comforting rhythm. A Chardonnay from Burgundy—especially a lightly oaked expression—offers just enough roundness to provide comfort without overwhelming the senses. Alternatively, a Loire Valley Chenin Blanc with its luscious texture and honeyed undertones can be a cozy companion. Pair these wines with buttery garlic shrimp, roasted chicken with thyme, or creamy mushroom risotto.
    • Thunderstorm: When the sky darkens and the storm rolls in, there’s a raw intensity that calls for a wine with equal presence. A bold Syrah from Northern Rhône or a Cabernet Sauvignon from Napa Valley offers depth, spice, and structure—something to huddle around as lightning illuminates the sky. Pair these wines with slow-braised short ribs, rich charcuterie boards, or dark chocolate truffles.
    • Soft Mist: Rare and ethereal, a misty day is best paired with something delicate and nuanced. A Pinot Noir from Oregon’s Willamette Valley delivers red fruit notes with a graceful finish, perfect for slow sipping while the fog lingers. Pair this wine with herb-roasted vegetables, duck breast with cherry glaze, or earthy beet and goat cheese salad.
    Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

    The Soundtrack of Rain

    Rainfall has an unmatched ability to soften the edges of the world. Its sound is hypnotic, a natural metronome that invites reflection. Whether the rain is a whisper or a roar, it enhances the experience of enjoying wine—each sip becomes deeper, more contemplative, more cherished.

    The sensory experience of rain and wine paired together creates a meditative moment, free from the constant hum of societal noise. It’s a reminder to pause and reflect, to savor simplicity over complexity.

    Stay Hydrated and Enjoy the Quiet Moments

    April showers remind us that rejuvenation often comes in cycles. Just as the rain nourishes the vineyards, moments of calm feed the soul. The art of pairing wine with rain is less about rules and more about mindfulness, embracing the atmosphere and your emotions.

    Photo by Lisa from Pexels on Pexels.com

    So, the next time the skies darken and the rain begins to fall, pour yourself a glass that matches the mood and let yourself be swept away by the gentle cadence of the world outside. After all, the rain is simply nature’s way of reminding us to slow down and savor.

    Stay hydrated, and we’ll all get through. 😉

  • April Fools’ Wine Myths

    April Fools’ Wine Myths

    Debunking Common Misconceptions.

    Every year on April 1st, pranksters take joy in fooling their friends with tall tales and clever tricks. But in the world of wine, myths and misconceptions persist far beyond April Fools’ Day. Some of these myths have been passed down for generations, shaping how people buy, store, and enjoy wine. It’s time to set the record straight! Here are some of the most common wine myths—debunked.

    Myth – Red Wine Should Always Be Served at Room Temperature

    Reality: Cooler is often better.

    The phrase “room temperature” originated centuries ago when indoor spaces were much cooler than they are today. Today’s heated homes often hover around 70–75°F, which is too warm for most reds. Lighter reds, like Pinot Noir and Gamay, shine at around 55–60°F, while fuller-bodied reds, like Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah, perform best between 60–65°F. Storing and serving reds too warm can make the alcohol seem overpowering and the fruit flavors muddled.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: If your red wine feels too warm, pop it in the fridge for 15–20 minutes before serving.

    Related Article: Wine Service: Proper Serving Temperatures

    Myth – White Wine Should Always Be Served Ice Cold

    Reality: Over-chilling mutes flavors.

    While a crisp, cold glass of white wine can be refreshing, serving it straight from the fridge (which is typically around 35–40°F) can dull its flavors and aromas. The ideal temperature for white wines varies—light whites, like Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Grigio, should be served at 45–50°F, while richer whites, like Chardonnay and Viognier, are best around 50–55°F.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Take your white wine out of the fridge about 10–15 minutes before serving for the best balance of flavors.

    1977 Château Margaux

    Myth – Older Wine Is Always Better

    Reality: Most wines are meant to be enjoyed young.

    While aged Bordeaux or vintage Champagne can be exquisite, the vast majority of wines—roughly 90%—are meant to be consumed within a few years of release. Aging wine requires specific conditions, and not every bottle benefits from time in the cellar. Fresh, fruit-forward wines like Beaujolais, Sauvignon Blanc, and most rosés are best enjoyed young.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: If you’re curious about aging potential, check the producer’s recommendations or consult a trusted wine expert.

    Myth – Screw Cap Wines Are Low Quality

    Reality: Screw caps can preserve wine better than cork.

    Many high-quality wines now use screw caps instead of corks, particularly in New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S. Screw caps can provide an excellent seal, reducing the risk of cork taint (TCA contamination) and ensuring freshness. They’re particularly beneficial for white wines and aromatic varietals that rely on vibrancy and purity.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Don’t judge a wine by its closure—judge it by what’s in the glass!

    Related Article: Exploring Wine Enclosures: Cork, Screw Cap, and Beyond

    Lur Saluces Chateau de Fargues – Photo Credit: Fred Swan, JJBuckley.com

    Myth – Sweet Wines Are Low Quality or “Just for Beginners”

    Reality: Some of the world’s finest wines are sweet.

    From Germany’s noble Rieslings to France’s Sauternes and Hungary’s Tokaji, some of the most revered and age-worthy wines are sweet. A well-made dessert wine balances sweetness with acidity, creating a complex and sophisticated drinking experience.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Try pairing a high-quality sweet wine with blue cheese, foie gras, or spicy foods for a mind-blowing contrast.

    Myth – Rosé Is Just a Summer Drink

    Reality: Rosé is great year-round.

    Rosé’s crisp and refreshing nature makes it perfect for warm weather, but its versatility extends far beyond summer. A fuller-bodied rosé, like a Tavel or Bandol, pairs beautifully with hearty dishes, including roasted meats, pasta, and even winter stews.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Treat rosé like a light red wine—it can complement a variety of foods throughout the year.

    Myth – You Must Let Red Wine Breathe for Hours

    Reality: Decanting depends on the wine.

    While some wines benefit from hours of aeration, most modern wines are ready to drink with just a little air exposure. Younger, tannic reds (like a bold Cabernet Sauvignon) can soften with decanting, but delicate wines (like older Pinot Noir or aged Barolo) can actually lose their aromas if over-aerated.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: If in doubt, pour a small glass and taste it immediately. If it seems tight or closed-off, give it some air and check again after 15–30 minutes.

    Related Article: The Art and Science of Decanting Wine

    Myth – Expensive Wine Is Always Better

    Reality: Price does not always equal quality.

    While some expensive wines are exceptional, there are plenty of hidden gems at affordable price points. Price is influenced by factors like production scale, marketing, and branding—not just quality. Many boutique wineries and lesser-known regions produce fantastic wines that don’t break the bank.

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Explore regions known for value wines, like Portugal’s Douro Valley, Spain’s Rioja, or Argentina’s Mendoza.

    Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

    Enjoy Wine Without the Myths

    This April Fools’ Day, don’t be fooled by outdated wine myths! Whether it’s misconceptions about serving temperatures, closures, or aging potential, understanding the facts can help you enjoy wine to its fullest. The best way to learn? Keep tasting, exploring, and trusting your own palate.

    Cheers to debunking myths and discovering new wine experiences 🍷

  • The True Origins of Eiswein

    The True Origins of Eiswein

    Debunking Myths & Savoring the Nectar of Frozen Grapes.

    A picture is worth a thousand words, and the cover image of an Eiswein bottle nestled between a Beerenauslese and a Trockenbeerenauslese tells a rich story of craftsmanship, patience, and nature’s artistry. These three noble expressions of sweet wine share a lineage of late-harvest dedication, yet Eiswein stands apart—not touched by noble rot like its companions, but rather sculpted by winter’s chill.

    While Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese rely on botrytis to concentrate their sugars, Eiswein remains pure, its intensity derived from frozen grapes pressed at the peak of winter. Yet despite its unique identity, a growing misconception persists: that Eiswein is a Canadian invention, with Germany merely adopting the process. Let’s set the record straight and dive into the true origins of this winter-born nectar.

    1799 Cary Map of Franconia, Germany

    The True Origins of Eiswein

    The origins of Eiswein trace back to 1794 in Franconia, Germany, where an unexpected frost forced winemakers to either discard their frozen grapes or attempt vinification. Upon pressing, they discovered that the juice was intensely concentrated, yielding an extraordinary wine unlike anything they had produced before. This discovery led to a centuries-old tradition that remains one of the most challenging and rewarding styles of winemaking.

    While Germany pioneered this technique, Eiswein gained widespread acclaim in Canada, particularly in Ontario’s Niagara Peninsula, where conditions reliably produce ice wine nearly every year. However, Canada only became a major player in ice wine production in the 1970s, nearly two centuries after Germany’s initial discovery. The difference in spelling—Eiswein in Germany and ice wine in Canada—is simply a linguistic distinction rather than evidence of borrowed tradition.

    The Labor-Intensive Process of Eiswein

    Eiswein production requires an unwavering commitment to nature’s whims. Unlike late-harvest wines, Eiswein grapes must remain on the vine until temperatures plummet to at least -7°C (19°F), though some regions wait for even lower temperatures to intensify the concentration. These frozen grapes are harvested in the dead of night or early morning to prevent any thawing, then pressed while still frozen, ensuring that only the highly concentrated sugars and acids make it into the juice while the water content remains behind as ice crystals. The result? A vibrant, intensely sweet wine with electric acidity to balance its lusciousness.

    Mya, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Unlike noble rot-affected dessert wines, such as Sauternes or Tokaji, Eiswein grapes remain healthy and free from botrytis, preserving the purity of fruit flavors—think crisp apple, pear, and citrus with an elegant minerality.

    Cutting Corners: Cryoextraction & the Question of Authenticity

    Given the extreme conditions required to produce Eiswein, some producers resort to cryoextraction—artificially freezing grapes post-harvest to mimic the natural process. While this method may yield a similar concentration of sugars, it lacks the unpredictable magic of naturally frozen grapes, often resulting in wines that feel more syrupy than vibrantly fresh. Authentic Eiswein or ice wine will always indicate its natural freezing process on the label, while cryoextracted versions are often labeled as “iced wine” rather than true ice wine.

    Here’s to nature’s frozen gift, a testament to patience, precision, and the sweet rewards of time. May its golden nectar remind us that the best things in life come to those who wait. Prost!

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Expressions of Eiswein: Terroir & Styles

    While Eiswein shares a common production method, regional differences bring unique expressions to the table:

    • Germany & Austria – The classic home of Eiswein, primarily made from Riesling, Gewürztraminer, or Grüner Veltliner. German Eiswein often showcases piercing acidity, honeyed stone fruit, and a crystalline minerality.
    • Canada (Niagara & British Columbia) – Canadian ice wines are dominated by Vidal Blanc, a hardy hybrid grape, as well as Riesling and Cabernet Franc. These wines often lean into tropical fruit flavors like mango, lychee, and pineapple.
    • United States (New York & Michigan) – Following the Canadian model, ice wine production here is small-scale but often impressive, featuring Vidal Blanc and Riesling.

    Pairing & Enjoying Eiswein

    A great Eiswein is a marvel of balance—its dazzling acidity prevents it from becoming cloying, making it a versatile companion to food. Here are some top pairing suggestions:

    • Blue Cheese & Pâté – The intense sweetness of Eiswein counterbalances the salty, umami richness of blue cheese or foie gras.
    • Spicy Asian Cuisine – Thai dishes, Szechuan flavors, or Indian curries contrast beautifully with the wine’s sweetness and acidity.
    • Fruit-Based Desserts – Apple tarts, poached pears, and citrus-infused desserts enhance the natural fruit notes in the wine.
    • Simple Sipping – Sometimes, Eiswein is best savored on its own, slightly chilled (about 8–10°C / 46–50°F), allowing its complexity to unfold slowly.

    A Testament to Patience & Nature’s Gifts

    Eiswein is one of the most challenging wines to produce, requiring patience, resilience, and a deep trust in nature. While Canada has mastered the art of ice wine production, Germany’s Franconian winemakers laid the foundation for this painstakingly crafted style centuries ago. Next time you sip a glass of this liquid gold, remember the dedication that went into each drop and savor the harmony of nature’s frozen masterpiece.

    Prost 🍷