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SOMM&SOMM

Tag: Learning Wine

  • Old World Regions: Veneto

    Old World Regions: Veneto

    Italy’s Northern Powerhouse of Wine, Culture & Quiet Brilliance.

    December is a reflective month — the harvest is done, cellars are buzzing with fermentations, and wine lovers around the world begin to ask a beautiful question: What did this year give us to drink?

    If there’s any region in Italy that deserves our attention during this season of pause and appreciation… it’s Veneto — a land where misty hills meet ancient canals, and where wine isn’t simply grown… it’s lived.

    Veneto isn’t a “wine region” — it’s twenty lifetimes of wine styles packed into one territory. From joyful Prosecco to profound Amarone. From crisp Soave to salty Lugana. From unknown grapes to international classics. Veneto is northern Italy’s quiet giant — and the more you explore it, the more it rewards you.

    Photo by Lizzie Prokhorova on Pexels.com

    A Glass-Shaped Map of Veneto

    Think of Veneto as three wine landscapes:

    AreaCharacterSignature Styles
    The Plains (Venice, Verona surroundings)Fresh, easy-drinkingProsecco, Pinot Grigio, Bardolino
    The Hills (Valpolicella, Soave, Conegliano)**Mineral-driven, structuredSoave, Valpolicella, Amarone, Recioto
    The Lakes (Garda area)**Saline, floral, softLugana, Chiaretto Rosé

    Veneto alone produces more wine than any other region in Italy — over 25% of the nation’s total production. But here’s the secret: quantity doesn’t overshadow quality. Some of the world’s most loved and most profound wines are born here.

    Classics of Veneto (Must-Know Wines)

    1. Prosecco DOC / DOCG — Italy’s Sparkling Smile

    • Grape: Glera
    • Profile: Pear, green apple, floral, light, friendly
    • Best With: Fried seafood, sushi, popcorn with truffle salt
    • Elevated Cocktail:
      Sgroppino — Prosecco + lemon sorbet + vodka. Yes… dreamy.

    2. Soave DOC / Soave Classico DOC — The Renaissance White

    • Grape: Garganega
    • Profile: Almonds, lemon zest, white peach, minerals
    • Why Sommeliers Love It: With age, it can taste like white Burgundy at a fraction of the price.
    • Pairing Idea:

    Try Soave Superiore if you want depth. Try Recioto di Soave if you want sweet bliss with blue cheese.

    3. Valpolicella Family — The Beating Heart of Veneto Reds

    Valpolicella isn’t a single wine — it is a ladder of complexity:

    StyleTechniqueFlavor Profile
    Valpolicella ClassicoFreshCherry, herbs
    Ripasso“Passed over” Amarone skinsDark fruit + spice
    Amarone della ValpolicellaDried grapesPowerful, intense
    Recioto della ValpolicellaSweet versionLuscious, velvety

    Somm Tip: This region invented appassimento — drying grapes to concentrate sugars & flavors. Amarone is an opus: raisins, chocolate, smoke, black cherry, licorice, leather. A winter fireplace wine.

    Food Pairings:

    Featured Wine Cocktail:
    👉 Amarone Manhattan – 1 oz Amarone, 1 oz Rye whiskey, dash of bitters, orange peel.

    4. Lugana DOC — Lake Garda’s Whisper

    • Grape: Turbiana (genetically related to Verdicchio)
    • Profile: Floral, saline, lemon curd, almond
    • Pairing Perfection:
      • Lake fish
      • Sushi
      • Caprese salad
      • Fresh mozzarella

    If you like Chablis or Pinot Grigio, try Lugana. You’ll find more flavor, more soul, and more story.

    5. Less Known… But So Worth Knowing

    RegionGrapeStyleWhy It Matters
    BreganzeVespaioloDry / sweetHidden gem. The sweet version with gorgonzola is legendary.
    Colli EuganeiMoscato GialloAromaticGreat with spicy Thai or Indian food.
    MontelloBordeaux blendsStructured redsItaly meets Bordeaux but still Italian in spirit.
    CustozaBlendCrisp whiteBetter alternative to mass Pinot Grigio.
    Photo by Enzo Iorio on Pexels.com

    The Veneto Pairing Table

    WineIdeal PairingMood
    ProseccoFried calamariCelebration or Sunday brunch
    Soave ClassicoSpring vegetablesFresh & reflective
    Valpolicella RipassoPizza or lasagnaCozy & casual
    AmaroneRoast meats, contemplationWinter fireside
    ReciotoDark chocolateDessert & decadence
    LuganaRaw seafoodCalm, lakeside evening
    Breganze TorcolatoBlue cheeseSweet & savory elegance
    Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

    Wine Cocktails from Veneto

    Give your guests (or yourself) something unexpected:

    CocktailIngredientsServes With
    SgroppinoProsecco + lemon sorbet + vodkaBrunch
    Americano RosaChiaretto rosé + Campari + sodaSunset
    Amarone ManhattanAmarone + rye + bittersLate-night jazz
    Soave SpritzSoave + soda + basilGarden afternoons

    Add mint, rosemary or thyme for an aromatic lift. Veneto pairs beautifully with herbs.

    The Soul of Veneto

    Veneto doesn’t chase trends. It honors history and refines technique. From the Roman era to contemporary Michelin-starred tables, its wines remain rooted in place and focused on pleasure.

    It’s not loud. It’s not flashy. And that’s precisely why sommeliers adore it.

    👉 With every bottle from here, there’s space to pause, think, and feel.
    Perhaps, in December, that’s the kind of wine we need most.

    Wines to Try This Month

    • Pieropan Soave Classico
    • Tommasi Amarone della Valpolicella
    • Zenato Lugana
    • Masi Campofiorin (Ripasso-style)
    • Breganze Torcolato (if you can find it — worth the hunt)
    Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

    Final Pour

    The Veneto isn’t just Italy’s top producer — it is one of its most complicated and most rewarding. Familiar or obscure, sparkling or profound, its wines tell stories of mist-covered valleys, lake breezes, volcanic soils, and families who have made wine for centuries.

    The best way to understand Veneto is simple:
    Drink it slowly… and let it speak.

    Salute — to the North, and to December’s quiet reflections. 🍷✨

    Cover Photo by alleksana on Pexels.com

  • Part III: The Feast

    Part III: The Feast

    A Thanksgiving Table Worth Toasting.

    Thanksgiving isn’t a performance — it’s a gathering. A coming together of stories, laughter, imperfections, and flavors that somehow always seem to fit. It’s the moment the whole season has been building toward, the quiet gratitude of the early November days giving way to the joyful noise of family and friends.

    And if you’ve savored the prelude — the week of reflection, cooking, and slow anticipation — you already know that Thanksgiving isn’t about rushing. It’s about tasting every note of the day, just as you would a well-crafted wine.

    Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels.com

    The Spirit of the Feast

    At its heart, Thanksgiving is an act of gratitude — a tradition born from the idea of sharing abundance and giving thanks for another year’s harvest. Before grocery stores and gadgets, before recipes were measured in cups and teaspoons, it was simply a meal shared between people who depended on one another.

    In that sense, the Thanksgiving table isn’t just a feast — it’s a reminder that community and generosity are timeless. Every dish tells a story. Every bottle uncorked is an offering. Every toast is a small, shimmering act of appreciation.

    Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels.com

    The Wines of the Table

    Thanksgiving is famously one of the most wine-friendly meals of the year, but it’s also one of the most challenging. Sweet meets savory, spice meets butter, and no two plates look the same. The secret isn’t to find one perfect pairing — it’s to fill the table with wines that invite conversation and complement the diversity of flavors on every fork.

    Here’s how to think about the day, course by course.

    The Welcome Toast — Light and Lively

    The first pour sets the tone. Keep it bright, crisp, and full of energy — a gentle awakening for the palate and a nod to celebration itself.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends:

    Pair with: Light bites — spiced nuts, baked brie, stuffed mushrooms, or shrimp cocktail.
    Sommelier’s notes: The bubbles cut through salt and richness, preparing the palate for the meal ahead while lifting spirits from the very first sip.

    The Starters — Texture and Warmth

    As the first plates appear — roasted squash soup, cranberry salads, caramelized root vegetables — it’s time for wines that echo autumn itself.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends:

    • Riesling (off-dry from Mosel or Finger Lakes)
    • Chenin Blanc from Vouvray or South Africa

    Pair with: Sweet-savory starters like glazed carrots, roasted apples, or savory tarts.
    Sommelier’s notes: A touch of sweetness complements early-course flavors and balances any spice or tartness.

    The Main Event — Harmony Over Dominance

    Turkey is the canvas; the sides are the art. Between gravy, herbs, and stuffing, you’ll want wines that harmonize rather than compete.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends:

    • Pinot Noir (Oregon, Burgundy, or Santa Barbara)
    • Grenache or GSM blends from the Rhône or Paso Robles
    • Chardonnay (unoaked for brightness, lightly oaked for comfort)

    Pair with: Turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, and all the trimmings.
    Sommelier’s notes: Pinot Noir’s bright acidity and soft tannins play well with almost every dish. Chardonnay, when balanced, provides the creamy bridge between rich and delicate flavors.

    The Unexpected Pairings — For the Adventurous

    Thanksgiving is also the perfect excuse to open something surprising.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommendations:

    • Dry Rosé from Provence or Bandol
    • Lambrusco (dry or off-dry)
    • Zinfandel from Lodi or Dry Creek Valley

    Pair with: Hearty sides, smoked meats, or sweet-savory stuffing.
    Sommelier’s notes: Rosé bridges red and white worlds beautifully. Lambrusco’s bubbles and berry notes bring fun to the table, while Zinfandel amplifies the warmth of holiday spices.

    Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

    The Sweet Finish — Grace in the Glass

    Dessert deserves its own quiet moment — the table calm, candles low, and the laughter softer now.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends:

    Pair with: Pumpkin pie, pecan tart, apple crisp, or cheese boards with dried fruit.
    Sommelier’s notes: These wines mirror the season’s sweetness, adding depth to desserts without overwhelming them.

    Tammy’s Pumpkin Pie

    PASTRY FOR SINGLE-CRUST PIE

    • 1 ¼ cups All-Purpose Flour
    • ¼ tsp Salt
    • ½ cup (1 stick) Cold Unsalted Butter, cut into ½ inch pieces
    • 3 to 4 tablespoons Cold Water, as needed

    Combine flour, salt and butter in bowl.  Rub butter into flour mixture to resemble cornmeal. Add 3 tablespoons cold water and stir using fork or electric mixer, adding more water as needed, until dough is just hydrated and comes together. Shape the dough into a ball and flatten slightly. Wrap in wax paper and chill for 30 minutes. Roll dough into a circle about 1/8 inch thick. Lightly grease the pan. Place the rolled dough in the pan and crimp the edges. No need to pre-bake this crust.

    FILLING

    • 2 cups Mashed Cooked Pumpkin
    • 1 12 oz can Evaporated Milk
    • 2 Eggs
    • ¾ cup Packed Brown Sugar
    • ½ tsp Ground Cinnamon
    • ½ tsp Fresh Grated Nutmeg
    • ½ tsp Ground Ginger
    • ½ tsp Salt

    Preheat oven to 400 degrees

    Separate eggs and beat whites until soft peaks form.

    Beat the pumpkin, egg yolks, evaporated milk, eggs, brown sugar, and spices with an electric mixer until well blended. Fold in the beaten egg whites. Pour into the pie crust and bake for 40 minutes or until knife inserted comes out clean.

    Wine Beyond the Glass

    As the plates empty and the conversation lingers, you start to realize: Thanksgiving isn’t really about the food or the wine. It’s about the shared space between them — the way stories unfold between sips, how laughter softens over dessert, and how gratitude seems to fill every empty glass.

    Wine simply becomes the language of connection — a way to express joy, generosity, and the beauty of being together.

    Thanksgiving isn’t about getting to what’s next — it’s about honoring what’s now.

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    A Toast to What Matters

    In a world that moves too fast, Thanksgiving reminds us to slow down. It’s not the opening act of Christmas or the final note of fall. It’s its own moment — rich, deliberate, and full of heart.

    So pour the good bottle. Use the nice glasses. Light the candles and let the meal stretch long into the evening. Because Thanksgiving isn’t about getting to what’s next — it’s about honoring what’s now.

    Here’s to the people who fill your table, the stories that flavor your meal, and the wines that remind you why gratitude is best served slow.

    SOMM&SOMM Thanksgiving Series

    Photo by Craig Adderley on Pexels.com

    A Closing Note from SOMM&SOMM

    As we raise our glasses this Thanksgiving, it’s worth remembering that not every chair at the table will be filled. Some seats will stay empty — for loved ones who’ve passed, for those too far away, or for relationships still finding their way back to warmth.

    It’s in those quiet spaces — the pauses between laughter, the flicker of a candle beside an untouched plate — that Thanksgiving reveals its deeper meaning. Gratitude isn’t about perfection. It’s about presence. It’s about honoring both the joy and the ache, the abundance and the absence, and still finding reason to give thanks.

    Perhaps that’s why this holiday can feel overlooked or even avoided. It asks us to slow down, to feel, to remember. It doesn’t glitter like Christmas or thrill like Halloween — it simply invites us to be human. To gather, to share, to forgive, and to savor the fleeting beauty of now.

    So wherever you find yourself this season — whether surrounded by a crowd or holding close to a single memory — may your glass be full, your heart be open, and your gratitude unhurried.

    – With love and thanks,
    Greg & Tammy Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Cover Photo by Monstera Production on Pexels.com

  • The Noble Grapes of Alsace

    The Noble Grapes of Alsace

    A Sommelier’s Love Letter to Strasbourg.

    There are places you visit, and then there are places that live inside you forever. For Tammy and me, Alsace falls firmly into the latter category. Years ago, we wandered the cobblestone streets of Strasbourg, where half-timbered houses leaned like old friends, flower boxes spilled with color, and cathedral bells echoed against the Vosges mountains. We thought we were traveling for pleasure… and wine—and oh, the wine delivered—but what we found was culture, tradition, and flavors so intertwined they seemed inseparable.

    Strasbourg, France (October 2019)

    Alsace is a region where wine is not just agriculture—it’s identity. And at the center of this identity are the four noble grapes: Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Gris, and Muscat. These are not just grape varieties; they are storytellers of the land, each whispering its tale in a glass.

    Photo by Nikola Tomau0161iu0107 on Pexels.com

    Riesling – The King of Alsace

    If Alsace has a crown jewel, it’s Riesling. Unlike its German cousins, Alsatian Riesling is bone-dry, linear, and precise. Think citrus zest, green apple, crushed stone, and a thrilling minerality that seems carved straight from the Vosges slopes.

    Pairing tip: Riesling is your ultimate table diplomat. It shines alongside choucroute garnie (that glorious plate of sauerkraut, sausage, and pork), cutting through richness with refreshing acidity. It also plays beautifully with oysters, grilled fish, or even Thai cuisine if you’re in the mood to experiment.

    Gewürztraminer – The Drama Queen

    If Riesling is the king, Gewürztraminer is the diva of the court. Intensely aromatic and flamboyant, it bursts with rose petals, lychee, ginger, and exotic spice. Tammy once described it as “the perfume counter of the vineyard,” and I can’t think of a better metaphor.

    Pairing tip: Bold wines need bold partners. Try it with Munster cheese, the pungent, washed-rind treasure of Alsace. The match is unforgettable—wine and cheese meeting on equal footing, neither backing down. It’s also superb with spicy Indian curries, Moroccan tagines, or richly spiced duck.

    Try our Perfect Pairing: Gewürztraminer w/Sweet and Sour Chicken

    Pinot Gris – The Quiet Poet

    Many only know Pinot Grigio in its lighter Italian form, but Alsatian Pinot Gris is an entirely different soul—textured, smoky, and lush, with flavors of ripe pear, honey, almond, and sometimes even a whisper of truffle. It has a weight and gravitas that sneaks up on you, like a quiet poet at the edge of the party who suddenly steals the show.

    Pairing tip: This is the wine you want with foie gras, roast duck, or mushroom risotto. Its richness and depth embrace earthy, savory flavors like a long, warm evening by the fire.

    Muscat – The Trickster

    Dry Muscat from Alsace is a delightful surprise. Bursting with fresh grape, floral, and herbal notes, it tastes almost as if you’re biting into a cluster straight off the vine. Unlike Muscats from elsewhere, it’s playful but not sweet—a charming apéritif and a sommelier’s secret weapon.

    Pairing tip: Asparagus, the bane of wine pairings, finds its match in Alsace Muscat. The grape’s freshness and delicate aromatics tame the vegetal bite, making it one of the few wines I confidently pour with spring asparagus dishes.

    Related SOMM&SOMM Article: Demystifying Wine + Food for Real-Life Moments

    Why the Laws Matter in Alsace

    One of the reasons Alsace stands out in France is its unique wine laws. Unlike Burgundy or Bordeaux, where wines are labeled by village or château, Alsace bottles proudly state the grape variety—a refreshing rarity in France. If the label reads Alsace Riesling, you know it’s 100% Riesling.

    The hierarchy builds from there:

    • Alsace AOC: The broad regional designation, covering the majority of wines.
    • Alsace Grand Cru AOC: Reserved for 51 specific vineyards with stricter rules on yields, ripeness, and only noble grapes (with Zotzenberg’s historic exception allowing Sylvaner). The vineyard name is prominently displayed.
    • Vendange Tardive (VT): Late-harvest wines, rich and concentrated, often with honeyed sweetness.
    • Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN): Botrytized dessert wines of incredible intensity, produced only in the best vintages.

    These classifications don’t just regulate—they protect the integrity of the region’s wines, ensuring that when you pour a glass of Alsace, you’re tasting a true expression of place.

    Related SOMM&SOMM Article: Understanding French Wine Laws

    Still enjoying Alsatian wines while reflecting on our time there

    Producers to Seek Out

    If you want to experience the noble grapes at their best, here are some producers that never fail to impress:

    • Trimbach – Benchmark dry Rieslings (look for Clos Ste. Hune if you want to experience one of the greatest Rieslings in the world). Their Pinot Gris and Gewürztraminer are equally classic.
    • Zind-Humbrecht – Known for intensely aromatic, powerful wines, often with a touch more ripeness and residual sugar. Their Grand Cru bottlings are legendary.
    • Domaine Weinbach – Elegant, precise wines with a poetic touch, particularly Riesling Schlossberg Grand Cru and Gewürztraminer Furstentum.
    • Hugel & Fils – Historic family estate, producing approachable yet serious wines. Their “Grossi Laüe” line highlights Alsace’s grandeur.
    • Albert Mann – A modern, biodynamic producer that balances tradition with innovation. Try their Grand Cru Rieslings and Pinot Gris.
    • Marcel Deiss – Famous for field blends (complantation) that showcase terroir rather than varietal—unique, complex wines outside the norm of Alsace labeling.
    A glimpse of our visit to Alsace

    Why Alsace Stays With Us

    When Tammy and I reminisce about Alsace, it’s not just the glasses we lifted but the way each grape embodied a piece of the region itself. Riesling was the sharpness of Strasbourg’s cathedral spire. Gewürztraminer the riot of color in every flower box. Pinot Gris the soft, golden glow of dusk on the Rhine. Muscat the laughter spilling from a tavern where beer and wine happily share the same table.

    Every time we open a bottle of Alsace, it feels like a postcard arriving from Strasbourg. And trust me, these postcards never fade. So here’s to Alsace—where Riesling sharpened our senses, Gewürztraminer stole the spotlight, Pinot Gris wrapped us in quiet warmth, and Muscat made us laugh out loud. To Strasbourg, to cobblestones and cathedral bells, and to every glass that brings us back there again—santé 🥂

    SOMM&SOMM Takeaway: The noble grapes of Alsace aren’t just wines—they’re laws, landscapes, and culture in liquid form. To drink Alsace is to taste a region where identity and glass are inseparable.

    Information on cover photo: Riesling Grapes and Leaves – No machine-readable author provided. T.o.m.~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • The World of Sake

    The World of Sake

    History, Styles, and Pairings Beyond Rice.

    Sake is one of those beverages that sparks curiosity the moment it’s poured. Often described as “rice wine,” it sits in a category all its own—neither wine, beer, nor spirit, but a unique fermented drink with an ancient heritage. For sommeliers, wine educators, and enthusiasts alike, sake offers an opportunity to explore tradition, craftsmanship, and unexpected food pairings.

    The Origins of Sake

    The story of sake begins over 2,000 years ago in Japan. Early rice cultivation techniques—likely borrowed from China—allowed rice to be grown in abundance, and fermentation soon followed.

    The earliest forms of sake were very different from what we know today. One of the oldest methods was kuchikami-no-sake, literally “mouth-chewed sake,” in which villagers chewed rice and nuts, then spit the mash into communal vessels. The enzymes in saliva helped convert starches into sugars, and natural yeast performed the fermentation. (Thankfully, brewing techniques evolved.)

    By the 8th century, sake had become a central part of Shinto rituals and court ceremonies. Shrines brewed sake as offerings to the gods, and it became a symbol of purity and community. In fact, even today, sake is still deeply tied to spiritual traditions—shared at weddings, festivals, and new year celebrations as a blessing for harmony and prosperity.

    The artistry lies in the brewer’s choices: how much rice to polish, what yeast strain to use, whether to pasteurize, and how to balance purity with umami.

    Photo by Mike Gonzu00e1lez on Pexels.com

    The Art of Brewing Sake

    Though often called a rice wine, sake production is actually closer to brewing beer, since starch must be converted into sugar before fermentation. The process is meticulous, and every step influences the final flavor:

    1. Rice polishing (Seimai-buai) – Special sake rice (shuzō-kōtekimai) is milled to remove outer layers of protein and fat, leaving a starchy core. The more the rice is polished, the cleaner and more delicate the flavor.
      • Example: Ginjo and Daiginjo styles require at least 40–50% of the rice to be milled away.
    2. Washing, soaking, steaming – The polished rice is carefully hydrated and steamed, ensuring the right texture for fermentation.
    3. Koji-making – The soul of sake. A portion of rice is inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae mold, which produces enzymes to break starch into sugar. This process is done in a hot, humid room, with brewers tending the rice around the clock.

    Beyond Sake: Aspergillus oryzae and the Magic of Soy Sauce

    The same humble mold that transforms rice into the foundation for sake—Aspergillus oryzae—also plays a starring role in one of Japan’s most iconic seasonings: soy sauce. In soy sauce production, A. oryzae is cultivated on a mixture of steamed soybeans and roasted wheat, creating what’s known as koji. The enzymes produced by the mold break down proteins into amino acids and starches into simple sugars.

    This enzymatic alchemy is what gives soy sauce its deep savory quality, rich umami, and characteristic complexity. After koji preparation, the mixture ferments slowly in brine for months or even years, developing the layered flavors that make soy sauce a cornerstone of Japanese cuisine—and an indispensable partner to sake at the dinner table.

    Just as with sake, the artistry lies in balancing time, fermentation, and microbial activity to coax out flavors both bold and nuanced. The presence of A. oryzae in both beverages and condiments highlights Japan’s centuries-long mastery of fermentation as a way of elevating simple grains and beans into cultural treasures.

    1. Shubo (starter culture) – Koji rice, water, yeast, and more steamed rice form the fermentation starter, which builds yeast strength and flavor precursors.
    2. Moromi (main mash) – Over four days, rice, water, and koji are added in stages. This results in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation—unique to sake.
    3. Pressing, filtering, pasteurization, aging – Once fermentation is complete, sake is pressed to separate the liquid, filtered, pasteurized, and aged (typically for 6–12 months).
    Photo by Tianwang Xiao on Pexels.com

    Types of Sake

    The classification of sake often comes down to rice polishing and whether alcohol is added. Here are the key categories:

    • Junmai – Pure rice sake (no distilled alcohol added). Bold, savory, often higher in umami.
    • Honjozo – A touch of distilled alcohol is added to enhance aroma and texture. Lighter and more fragrant.
    • Ginjo – Rice polished to at least 60%. Aromatic, elegant, fruit-driven.
    • Daiginjo – Rice polished to at least 50%. Luxurious, delicate, highly aromatic.
    • Tokubetsu (“special”) – Indicates a special brewing technique or higher-than-required polishing.
    • Nigori – Cloudy, unfiltered sake with a creamy texture and hint of sweetness.
    • Namazake – Unpasteurized sake. Fresh, lively, must be kept refrigerated.
    • Koshu – Aged sake. Amber-hued with oxidative notes like sherry or Madeira.
    • Sparkling sake – Carbonated, refreshing, often slightly sweet.
    Photo by Nadin Sh on Pexels.com

    Terminology on a Bottle

    When choosing sake, a few key terms help decode what’s inside:

    • Seimai-buai – Rice polishing ratio (% of rice remaining after milling).
    • Nihonshu-do – Sake meter value (SMV). Indicates sweetness or dryness: negative = sweeter, positive = drier.
    • Acidity (San-do) – Higher acidity makes sake crisp and food-friendly.
    • Nama – Unpasteurized. Must be chilled.
    • Genshu – Undiluted. Higher alcohol, often rich and bold.

    Temperature and Glassware

    One of the joys of sake is its versatility in temperature:

    • Chilled (5–10°C / 40–50°F) – Best for delicate, aromatic styles (Ginjo, Daiginjo, Namazake).
    • Room temperature – Junmai and Honjozo shine here, showing full flavor and umami.
    • Warm (40–55°C / 104–131°F) – Brings comfort and amplifies savory notes in robust Junmai or Honjozo. Avoid heating aromatic Ginjo/Daiginjo—heat will mute their elegance.
    Masu box – Ewan Munro from London, UK, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Glassware also plays a role:

    • Traditional: small ceramic ochoko cups or wooden masu boxes.
    • Modern: wine glasses, which allow aromatic styles to blossom. Sommeliers often recommend using white wine glasses for premium Ginjo/Daiginjo.
    Attending Sushi-making & Sake-understanding class (2016)

    Classic Pairings

    Sake is famously versatile with food—its low acidity and umami-friendly profile make it shine where wine can struggle.

    • Sushi and sashimi (classic)
    • Tempura (light, crisp styles)
    • Grilled yakitori (umami-rich Junmai)
    • Hot pot dishes (nabe)

    Surprise Pairings

    Sake doesn’t stop at Japanese cuisine. With its balance of umami, sweetness, and subtle acidity, it pairs beautifully with international dishes:

    • Cheese – Creamy Brie with Daiginjo, blue cheese with aged Koshu.
    • Steak – Rich Junmai or Genshu cuts through the fat as well as Cabernet.
    • Spicy Thai or Indian – Nigori or lightly sweet sake balances heat.
    • BBQ – Smoky grilled pork or brisket with Honjozo or Koshu.
    • Chocolate desserts – Nigori sake works as a sweet complement.
    Original and flavored Soju – Photo by Nguyu1ec5n Mu1eabn on Pexels.com

    Soju vs. Sake: What’s the Difference?

    It’s easy to confuse sake with soju, but they’re distinct:

    • Sake – Japanese, brewed, 12–16% ABV, made from rice and water, enjoyed like wine.
    • Soju – Korean, distilled, 16–25% ABV (sometimes higher), traditionally made from rice, sweet potato, or barley. Similar to vodka but softer and often lightly sweet.

    Think of sake as closer to wine/beer, and soju as a spirit. Both, however, share cultural importance and are designed for communal enjoyment.

    Photo by Josu00e9 luis Rivera correa on Pexels.com

    Final Pour

    Sake is more than an exotic curiosity—it’s a reflection of Japan’s culture, history, and artistry. From the precision of rice polishing to the warmth of shared rituals, sake continues to evolve while staying deeply rooted in tradition.

    For sommeliers and enthusiasts alike, sake is an essential part of the conversation when guiding guests through beverage choices. Whether served chilled in a wine glass with sushi, warmed in an ochoko with grilled meats, or poured alongside cheese and chocolate, sake has earned its place on the global table.

    Kanpai! 🍶

    Worth Mentioning: Sake in the Sommelier’s Journey

    One of the distinctions in wine education is how different organizations approach beverages beyond wine. The Court of Master Sommeliers (CMS) places strong emphasis on a broad understanding of not only wine, but also beer, spirits, and sake. This reflects the reality of the dining room, where guests often seek diverse options. By contrast, programs such as the WSET or Society of Wine Educators remain more wine-centric, with limited exploration of sake.

    We were fortunate to dive deep into the world of sake during our CMS studies—learning not just its history and classifications, but how to serve, pair, and present it with confidence. That education continues to enrich our work today, allowing us to share sake’s beauty and versatility with guests who might otherwise overlook this extraordinary beverage.

    Cover photo by Airam Dato-on on Pexels.com

  • Varietal Spotlight: Cabernet Franc

    Varietal Spotlight: Cabernet Franc

    The Unsung Hero of the Vineyard.

    When Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot take the spotlight, it’s easy to forget the quiet genius standing in the wings: Cabernet Franc. Without this noble grape, the wine world would look very different. It’s the parent of both Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, yet it remains one of the most underrated varietals on the shelf.

    Cabernet Franc is the sommelier’s secret weapon—perfumed, versatile, food-friendly, and surprisingly age-worthy. Let’s explore its origins, where it shines, and why it belongs in your glass.

    Photo by Andrew Patrick Photo on Pexels.com

    Origins & History

    Cabernet Franc first appeared in 17th-century France. Cardinal Richelieu is said to have brought cuttings to the Loire Valley, where monks tended it carefully in Bourgueil and Chinon. The grape was affectionately called “Breton”, named after Abbot Breton, one of its earliest champions.

    Modern DNA profiling unlocked its true importance: Cabernet Franc is the parent of Cabernet Sauvignon (crossed with Sauvignon Blanc) and Merlot (crossed with Magdeleine Noire des Charentes). Without it, Bordeaux as we know it would not exist.

    Where Cabernet Franc Shines

    Loire Valley, France – The Spiritual Home

    Agne27, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Pairing Tip: Loire Cab Franc is perfection with roast chicken, duck breast, or chèvre (goat cheese).

    Bordeaux, France – The Architect of Blends

    In the Right Bank (Pomerol & St-Émilion), Cabernet Franc adds aromatics and finesse to Merlot-driven blends.

    • Iconic Example: Château Cheval Blanc (St-Émilion), often 60% Cabernet Franc.
    • Flavor Profile: Black cherry, cedar, crushed gravel.
    • Best With: Lamb, venison, or a rich beef bourguignon.

    Italy – Rustic Charm Meets Power

    • Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Savory, herbal, and earthy.
    • Tuscany (Bolgheri): Super Tuscan producers use Cab Franc for power and polish.

    Must-Try Bottles:

    Food Match: Wild boar ragù, porcini risotto, or bistecca alla Fiorentina.

    New World – A Rising Star

    • United States: Napa, Sonoma, Washington, and New York’s Finger Lakes deliver everything from ripe berry-driven Cab Franc to Loire-inspired elegance.
    • Argentina (Uco Valley): Bold and mineral, with vibrant fruit. Try El Enemigo Cabernet Franc.
    • South Africa (Stellenbosch): Spice-driven, earthy examples from producers like Warwick Estate.
    Photo by ROMAN ODINTSOV on Pexels.com

    In the Glass: Tasting Profile

    • Aromas: Violet, graphite, raspberry, redcurrant, pencil shavings, pepper, and sometimes a signature green bell pepper note.
    • Palate: Medium body, moderate tannins, fresh acidity, with a spectrum from juicy red fruit to earthy spice.
    • Aging Potential: Excellent. With time, Cab Franc evolves into flavors of truffle, leather, and tobacco.

    Food Pairing Ideas

    Cabernet Franc’s elegance and acidity make it one of the most food-friendly red wines.

    •  Duck breast with cherry gastrique → Loire Cab Franc
    •  Goat cheese & charcuterie → Chinon
    •  Mushroom & lentil ragù → Saumur-Champigny
    •  Herb-marinated lamb chops → St-Émilion
    •  Stuffed peppers or mushroom stroganoff → Friuli Cab Franc

    Recipes to Try with Cabernet Franc

    Duck Breast with Cherry-Red Wine Sauce

    Pair With: Chinon or St-Émilion

    Ingredients (serves 2):

    • 2 duck breasts, skin scored
    • 1 cup pitted cherries
    • ½ cup Cabernet Franc
    • 1 tbsp balsamic vinegar
    • 1 tbsp butter
    • Salt & pepper
    1. Season duck, sear skin-side down until crisp (8 min). Flip, cook 3–4 more minutes. Rest.
    2. Deglaze pan with Cab Franc, add cherries & balsamic, reduce to syrup.
    3. Whisk in butter, slice duck, serve with sauce.

    Mushroom & Lentil Ragù (Vegetarian Comfort)

    Pair With: Saumur-Champigny or Friuli Cabernet Franc

    Ingredients (serves 4):

    • 1 cup green lentils, cooked
    • 2 tbsp olive oil
    • 1 onion, diced
    • 3 cloves garlic, minced
    • 1 lb mushrooms (mixed), chopped
    • 1 tsp thyme
    • 1 cup vegetable stock
    • ½ cup Cabernet Franc
    • Salt, pepper, parsley

    Method:

    1. Sauté onion & garlic in olive oil until golden. Add mushrooms & thyme, cook until browned.
    2. Deglaze with Cab Franc, reduce. Add lentils & stock, simmer until thick.
    3. Serve over creamy polenta or pasta.

    Fun Facts & Lore

    • Cabernet Franc is sometimes called “the poet’s grape” in the Loire.
    • Without Cab Franc, we wouldn’t have Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, or Carmenère.
    • Sommeliers often call it their desert island red—it pairs with nearly everything.
    • Cabernet Franc tends to ripen earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon, making it valuable in cooler climates.

    Final Pour

    Cabernet Franc may never command the fame of Cabernet Sauvignon, but it brings an elegance, fragrance, and food-friendliness all its own. Whether you’re sipping a Loire Valley Chinon (my favorite), a Tuscan Paleo Rosso, or an Argentine El Enemigo, you’re drinking history—and the soul of Bordeaux itself.

    Next time you’re browsing bottles, reach for the unsung hero. Your palate (and dinner table) will thank you. Cheers 🍷

    Cover photo by Ursula Brühl, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof – 76833 Siebeldingen, GERMANY, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • Portugal Uncorked

    Portugal Uncorked

    Exploring the Heart and Soul of Portuguese Wines.

    When people hear “Portugal,” their minds often jump to Port—those rich, fortified wines enjoyed by candlelight or at the end of a decadent meal. But to focus solely on Port is to miss the vast and vibrant wine world that Portugal offers. From crisp whites kissed by the Atlantic breeze to sultry reds born from sun-drenched valleys, Portugal is one of Europe’s most exciting, diverse, and underrated wine-producing countries.

    A Glimpse Into Portugal’s Wine Legacy

    Portugal’s winemaking history stretches back over 4,000 years. The Phoenicians, Romans, Moors, and even the Knights Templar played a part in shaping the country’s viticultural heritage. Unlike many European countries that focus heavily on international varietals, Portugal leans proudly into its indigenous grapes—with over 250 native varieties cultivated across a tapestry of microclimates and terroirs.

    The result? Wines that are authentically Portuguese—flavorful, food-friendly, and full of character.

    Key Portuguese Wine Regions & Their Distinctive Wines

    Photo by Olga Shenderova on Pexels.com

    Vinho Verde (Minho) – Crisp, Zesty, Youthful Whites

    Located in the lush, green northwest, Vinho Verde literally means “green wine,” but the name refers to the wine’s youthfulness rather than its color.

    • Signature Grapes: Alvarinho (Albariño in Spain), Loureiro, Arinto
    • Style: Light-bodied, often slightly effervescent with high acidity
    • Tasting Notes: Lime, green apple, melon, fresh herbs
    • Perfect Pairing: Grilled sardines, shrimp ceviche, Vietnamese spring rolls

    Recipe Pairing: Portuguese Shrimp Rice (Arroz de Marisco)
    A tomato-based seafood rice dish brimming with clams, mussels, and prawns. Vinho Verde cuts through the richness with zippy freshness.

    Douro Valley – Rugged Reds & Legendary Ports

    One of the oldest demarcated wine regions in the world (est. 1756), the Douro is home to breathtaking terraced vineyards carved into steep schist hillsides. Though known for Port, it also produces powerful dry red wines.

    • Signature Grapes: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo), Touriga Franca
    • Style: Bold, structured reds with dark fruit and floral elegance
    • Tasting Notes: Black cherry, violet, slate, cocoa
    • Perfect Pairing: Lamb stew, grilled ribeye, mushroom risotto
    Photo by Andrew McLeod on Pexels.com

    Recipe Pairing: Portuguese Lamb Stew (Ensopado de Borrego)
    Slow-cooked lamb with garlic, red wine, and bay leaves. A Douro red complements the intensity with grace and power.

    Dão – Elegant, Age-Worthy Reds

    Tucked inland, the Dão region is often dubbed the “Burgundy of Portugal” for its finesse and structure.

    • Signature Grapes: Touriga Nacional, Alfrocheiro, Jaen (Mencía)
    • Style: Earthy, medium- to full-bodied reds with freshness and ageability
    • Tasting Notes: Raspberry, leather, dried herbs, mineral
    • Perfect Pairing: Duck breast, truffle pasta, mushroom-lentil burgers

    Alentejo – Warm, Generous, Sun-Kissed Wines

    Covering nearly a third of the country, Alentejo’s sun-baked plains yield juicy, approachable reds and ripe whites. Often the gateway region for those new to Portuguese wines.

    • Signature Grapes: Antão Vaz, Aragonês (Tempranillo), Trincadeira
    • Style: Plush reds and full-bodied whites
    • Tasting Notes: Baked plum, vanilla, almond, honeysuckle
    • Perfect Pairing: BBQ chicken, pork tenderloin, creamy polenta

    Bairrada – Sparkling Gems and Baga’s Boldness

    Coastal Bairrada is the land of sparkling wines and the quirky red grape Baga, which produces tannic, high-acid reds that age magnificently.

    • Signature Grapes: Baga (red), Maria Gomes, Bical (white)
    • Style: Lean sparkling wines, and tannic, age-worthy reds
    • Tasting Notes: Cranberry, tobacco, tart cherry, wet earth
    • Perfect Pairing: Duck confit, aged Manchego (my favorite), Portuguese suckling pig (Leitão)

    Setúbal Peninsula – Fortified Muscat Magic

    Known for Moscatel de Setúbal, a fortified sweet wine made from Muscat of Alexandria.

    • Tasting Notes: Orange blossom, caramelized fig, spice
    • Pairing Tip: Enjoy with blue cheese, orange tart, or cinnamon custard pastries

    The Undiscovered Whites of Portugal

    Beyond Vinho Verde, Portugal’s white wines are fascinating and food-loving. Look for:

    • Encruzado (Dão): Balanced and age-worthy, similar to white Burgundy.
    • Antão Vaz (Alentejo): Rich, creamy whites with citrus and stone fruit.
    • Arinto (all over): High-acid, lemony whites with aging potential.

    These whites shine with shellfish, creamy cheeses, roast chicken, or herbed pork.

    Photo by Charlotte May on Pexels.com

    Sangria Portuguesa: A Rustic & Robust Red Sangria

    A summer favorite—this recipe puts a Portuguese twist on sangria by using a bold red from the Douro or Alentejo, and infusing it with the flavors of the Iberian countryside.

    Sangria do Douro

    • 1 bottle Douro Red Wine (Touriga Nacional blend)
    • 1/4 cup Aguardente (or brandy)
    • 1/4 cup orange liqueur (like Licor Beirão or Cointreau)
    • 1/4 cup fresh orange juice
    • 2 tablespoons brown sugar
    • 1 cinnamon stick
    • 1 sliced orange
    • 1 sliced apple
    • 1/2 cup sliced red grapes
    • 1/2 cup sparkling water (or tonic) for a refreshing fizz
    • Optional: fresh mint sprigs
    1. In a large pitcher, combine sugar, fruit, cinnamon, and juice. Muddle lightly.
    2. Add red wine, aguardente, and orange liqueur. Stir well.
    3. Chill for 4+ hours or overnight.
    4. Just before serving, add sparkling water and stir gently.
    5. Garnish with mint and serve over ice.

    Pair with:

    • Spicy grilled chorizo
    • Tapas-style cheeses and olives
    • Roast chicken with peri-peri seasoning

    Related Article: Sangria: A Storied Sip Through Time, Terroir, and Tradition

    Portuguese Cheese & Wine: A Match Made in the Douro

    • Queijo da Serra + Dão Red: Creamy, nutty sheep’s milk cheese with earthy reds.
    • Azeitão + Arinto: A rich, buttery cheese offset by citrusy freshness.
    • São Jorge + Alentejo Red: Hard cow’s milk cheese with meaty, bold reds.
    Photo by Maria das Dores on Pexels.com

    Why Portugal Deserves Your Glass

    Portuguese wines offer unmatched value, diversity, and authenticity. They bridge old-world charm with fresh energy, and speak proudly of their roots. Whether you’re sipping a chilled glass of Vinho Verde on the porch or pairing a brooding Douro red with grilled lamb, you’re experiencing centuries of history in a single glass.

    So the next time you’re exploring a wine shop, skip the predictable and say “sim” to Portugal. Saúde! 🍷

    SOMM&SOMM Recommended Wines to Try:

    Cover Photo by Kampus Production on Pexels.com

  • How to Enjoy White Wines After Labor Day

    How to Enjoy White Wines After Labor Day

    There’s an old saying in fashion that you shouldn’t wear white after Labor Day. Somewhere along the line, people got it into their heads that wine followed the same rule. As if a glass of Sauvignon Blanc had to be packed away with the linen pants and straw hats, waiting patiently in the cellar until Memorial Day gave it permission to come back out.

    The truth is far simpler: wine doesn’t read calendars. White wines, in particular, have far too much personality, versatility, and downright charm to be relegated to a single season. If anything, they may be at their most interesting in the cooler months, when the foods on the table get heartier, the evenings stretch longer, and we start looking for comfort in every sip.

    Sidebar: The Origins of the “No White After Labor Day” Rule

    This curious rule wasn’t really about fashion at all. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, America’s old-money elite used it as a sneaky way to separate themselves from the newly wealthy. White clothing was linked to summer vacations and leisure, and the social code dictated that once Labor Day passed, you swapped white linen for darker fabrics. It was less about “style” and more about “status.”

    Fast-forward to today, and nobody cares if you wear white jeans in November—but somehow poor Chardonnay got lumped in with linen suits, as if it too had to go into storage. The good news? Wine never signed that contract.

    Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

    Whites That Warm the Soul

    The crisp, chilled whites of summer can feel like a plunge into the pool, refreshing but fleeting. After Labor Day, our palates start to crave something more grounding. Enter the fuller-bodied whites—think oaked Chardonnay, Viognier, and white Rhône blends—that carry a little more weight, a little more texture, and just enough richness to match heartier seasonal meals.

    Sommelier’s Note: Temperature Matters

    When the weather cools, let your whites warm up too. Serve that Chardonnay at 50–55°F instead of a frosty 40°F—you’ll notice the texture broadens, the oak shows more finesse, and the wine feels downright cozy.

    Pairing Whites with Fall Flavors

    The real fun of white wines in autumn is discovering how beautifully they play with fall’s pantry: roasted squashes, sage-laced stuffing, buttery mashed potatoes, and slow-braised poultry. While red wines often steal the stage, whites bring a freshness and aromatic lift that can make rich dishes feel balanced instead of heavy.

    Think Gewürztraminer with spiced pumpkin soup, or Riesling with roast pork and apples. A Chenin Blanc’s gentle orchard fruit notes practically beg for roasted root vegetables.

    Sommelier’s Note: Why It Works

    Acidity in white wine is your secret seasoning. Just as a squeeze of lemon brightens roasted chicken, a sip of Riesling or Chenin cuts through richness and lifts the entire dish.

    Related article on wine pairing: Demystifying Wine+Food for Real-Life Moments

    Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com

    White Wines by the Fireside

    Imagine a glass of oaked California Chardonnay or an Alsatian Pinot Gris alongside a crackling fireplace. These wines carry subtle notes of vanilla, baking spice, and roasted nuts—flavors that feel at home in a wool blanket as much as at a dinner table. Unlike summer’s poolside pours, these whites encourage you to linger, sip slowly, and enjoy the warmth of their depth.

    Sommelier’s Note: Glassware Swap

    Don’t be afraid to serve richer whites in a Burgundy bowl (the same glass you’d use for Pinot Noir). The wide bowl lets the wine breathe and amplifies those toasty, autumnal aromatics.

    Holiday Whites Worth Celebrating

    From Thanksgiving to New Year’s Eve, white wines bring an elegance to the table that reds sometimes bulldoze. A white Burgundy can dance with turkey and gravy; a sparkling Chenin or Blanc de Blancs can carry a celebration from appetizers through dessert.

    The beauty of whites during the holidays is their ability to flex—they’re bright enough to cut through decadent dishes, but sophisticated enough to hold court in a room full of reds.

    Sommelier’s Note: A Thanksgiving Trick

    Skip the Cabernet with turkey—it’s too tannic and dries out the bird. Instead, reach for Gewürztraminer, Viognier, or Chenin Blanc. Their aromatics and round texture echo the herbs and savory sides, making them symphonic with the meal.

    Photo by Cup of Couple on Pexels.com

    A Toast Beyond the Calendar

    So here’s the secret every sommelier knows: white wine doesn’t care what month it is, and neither should you. A glass of Chenin Blanc can be as cozy as a knitted sweater when paired with roasted squash. A golden, honeyed Sauternes can feel like a holiday carol in liquid form. And yes, a crisp Sauvignon Blanc can cut through the richness of Thanksgiving turkey just as neatly as it slices through a summer salad.

    If anything, cooler months invite us to lean into whites more deeply—to serve them a little warmer, pair them a little bolder, and let them shine against the hearty, savory dishes of autumn and winter. The next time someone wrinkles their nose at your glass of Riesling in October, just smile and remind them: the old “rules” were made for clothes, not for cellars.

    Raise your glass, lean into the season, and enjoy whites all year long. After all, wine is meant to be shared, savored, and celebrated—not shelved with the summer wardrobe.

    Cheers 🍷

    Sommelier’s Final Note: The best rule in wine is this: drink what you love, when you love it. Pair with heart, pour with joy, and you’ll always be in season.

    You might also like this article: Celebrating Labor Day

  • Beyond Bordeaux

    Beyond Bordeaux

    Emerging Regions and Grapes to Know.

    Bordeaux, Napa, Tuscany—we love them, we know them, we celebrate them. But what if I told you that some of the most exhilarating wines today are coming from volcanic islands, foggy valleys, or vineyards nestled between deserts and ocean? And what if I told you that grapes you’ve barely heard of are producing wines that rival—and in some cases outperform—the greats?

    Welcome to the vinous underworld of Assyrtiko, Chenin Blanc, and a global constellation of rising stars. This isn’t wine snobbery. This is wine discovery. This is beyond Bordeaux.

    Photo by gravity cut on Pexels.com

    Assyrtiko – Greece’s Salty, Sun-Kissed Secret

    Origin: Santorini, Greece
    Style: Bone-dry, citrus-driven white with volcanic minerality and thrilling acidity

    How to Pronounce Assyrtiko (Without Spitting Your Spanakopita):
    It’s Ah-SEER-tee-koh, not “A-sir-tick-oh,” “Ass-er-what-now,” or “A-sushi-taco” (yes, we’ve heard it all).

    Just remember:
    It’s crisp, not cryptic.
    Greek to you? Not anymore!

    Say it right and the bottle just might pour itself. 😄

    The Story

    Born on the sun-drenched, wind-scoured island of Santorini, Assyrtiko is a survivor. These ancient vines, many over 70 years old and ungrafted due to phylloxera-free volcanic soil, are trained in a unique “kouloura” (basket) shape to protect the grapes from fierce Aegean winds.

    In the Glass

    Imagine squeezing a lemon over a pile of wet rocks while standing on a Mediterranean cliffside 😂. That’s Assyrtiko. It’s bracing. Salty. Electric. A wine that doesn’t ask for your opinion—it commands your attention.

    Flavors: Lemon peel, flint, saline, white peach
    Pairings: Grilled octopus (I’m looking at you, Dima), oysters, feta-stuffed peppers, lemon chicken, or sushi with a citrus ponzu

    Where Else to Find It

    • Drama & Macedonia (Northern Greece): Rounder, fruitier expressions
    • Australia (Clare Valley, McLaren Vale): New World spice and texture
    • California (Paso Robles, Lodi): Experimental vineyards are testing the grape’s heat tolerance

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Want to impress at your next seafood dinner? Bring an Assyrtiko. It’s the Chablis-lover’s Greek cousin.

    Agne27, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Chenin Blanc – The Shape-Shifter from the Loire (and Beyond)

    Origin: Loire Valley, France
    Style: Anything from bone-dry to unctuously sweet to méthode traditionnelle sparkling

    The Story

    Once dismissed as a workhorse white in bulk wine, Chenin Blanc is having a renaissance. It’s the ultimate chameleon—able to take on almost any style and terroir. In the Loire, it’s noble and restrained. In South Africa, it’s exuberant and tropical. In California, it’s quietly staking its claim as the “next big thing.”

    In the Glass

    Chenin Blanc offers an orchestra of orchard fruit, flowers, acidity, and a waxy texture that makes sommeliers swoon. Dry or sweet, still or sparkling, there’s a Chenin for every mood.

    Flavors: Green apple, quince, lanolin, honeysuckle, citrus zest
    Pairings: Thai curry, pork chops with apples, roast duck, spicy ramen, goat cheese, or peach cobbler (for off-dry versions)

    Dean Family Recipe 😉

    Where It Shines

    • Loire Valley (Vouvray, Savennières): Regal and layered
    • South Africa (Stellenbosch, Swartland): Zesty, tropical, and textural
    • California (Clarksburg, Mendocino): Bright with honeysuckle and stone fruit
    • India (Nasik Valley): Light-bodied and floral, perfect with spicy dishes

    SOMM&SOMM Tip: Always check the label for sweetness level. A dry Savennières and a demi-sec Vouvray are two very different animals—but equally delicious in their own way.

    Beyond the Grapes – Global Terroirs You Need to Know

    Let’s go even further beyond the usual suspects. Here are four emerging wine regions—and their must-try grapes—that should be on every wine lover’s radar:

    Valle de Guadalupe, Mexico

    Signature Grapes: Nebbiolo, Tempranillo, Chenin Blanc
    Style: Bold reds and zesty whites with desert-meets-ocean personality
    Why It Matters: Baja California’s Valle de Guadalupe is like Napa in the 1970s—experimental, passionate, and still defining itself. Hot days, cool nights, and ocean breezes create a perfect storm of ripeness and elegance.

    Try: Monte Xanic Chenin Colombard blend – refreshing, floral, and great with fish tacos.

    Tokaj, Hungary (but Not Just for Sweet Wines!)

    Signature Grapes: Furmint, Hárslevelű
    Style: Bone-dry, mineral whites that can age for decades
    Why It Matters: While famous for its dessert wines, Tokaj is finally getting recognition for its dry styles—Furmint especially, which offers Riesling-like acidity with the texture of white Burgundy.

    Try: Dry Furmint with roast chicken or miso-glazed cod.

    Uruguay

    Signature Grapes: Tannat, Albariño
    Style: Structured reds, salty whites
    Why It Matters: This small South American country is quietly producing elegant Tannat (yes, the beastly grape from Madiran) with softer tannins, plus gorgeous coastal Albariño that rivals Galicia’s best.

    Try: Garzón Albariño with ceviche or grilled shrimp.

    England

    Signature Grapes: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir (Sparkling Wine)
    Style: Traditional method sparkling with high acidity and chalky minerality
    Why It Matters: English sparkling wine is no longer a joke—it’s a juggernaut. With chalk soils like Champagne and a warming climate, producers in Sussex and Kent are now winning international blind tastings.

    Photo by Petra Ryan on Pexels.com

    Try: Nyetimber or Gusbourne Brut with fish and chips (seriously).

    Why You Should Drink Beyond Bordeaux

    We’re not saying give up your Bordeaux blends, your Brunellos, or your Barolos. We’re saying your palate deserves a passport. There’s never been a better time to explore terroirs that aren’t bound by tradition. These regions and grapes—Assyrtiko, Chenin Blanc, Furmint, Tannat, Albariño, and beyond—are writing a new chapter in the world of wine. One where the map is still being drawn.

    Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

    So next time you shop or dine, go off the grid. Ask for something weird. Order something unpronounceable. And raise a glass to the next great classic.

    Cheers to the future of wine 🍷

    Gregory and Tammy Dean are sommeliers, wine educators, and co-creators of the SIPS & STORIES book series. When they’re not exploring emerging wine regions or debating whether Assyrtiko is better than Chablis (spoiler: sometimes it is), they’re helping wine lovers drink better, bolder, and beyond the expected.

    Cover photo by ongchinonn, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • The Art of Blending Wine Varietals

    The Art of Blending Wine Varietals

    Blending wine is one of the most romantic and yet technical aspects of winemaking. It’s where science kisses art, and where individual grape varietals—like characters in a novel—bring their own personalities to the glass, playing leading roles or quietly stealing scenes. In the right hands, blending can elevate a good wine into a great one, smoothing rough edges, boosting aroma, balancing acidity, deepening color, and extending the finish.

    But which grapes are the true soulmates? Which ones are better together than they are apart? And are there any surprising flings—say, a red grape that cozies up with a white in the same bottle? Let’s swirl into the world of perfect matches—wine blends that just work.

    Photo by Jep Gambardella on Pexels.com

    Why Blend in the First Place?

    Before we dive into grape couples therapy, let’s clarify why winemakers blend at all:

    • Balance: A soft Merlot might need a tannic backbone from Cabernet Sauvignon. A juicy Grenache may need a splash of Syrah to add color and spice.
    • Complexity: Different grapes contribute layers of flavor, aroma, and mouthfeel.
    • Consistency: Vintage variation happens. A weaker year for one grape might be rescued by another.
    • Structure & Aging Potential: Some grapes age better than others. Adding a more structured variety can extend cellar life.
    • Expression of Terroir: Blending local varietals creates wines that reflect a region’s unique fingerprint.

    The Classic Duos (And Trios, and Quartets…)

    Merlot + Cabernet Franc + Cabernet Sauvignon (Right Bank Bordeaux Style)

    • Why It Works: Merlot brings plush red fruits and a silky texture. Cabernet Franc adds aromatic lift—think violet, sage, and pepper—and acidity. Cabernet Sauvignon lends structure, black fruit, and ageability.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: This is elegance meeting muscle. Each variety contributes something essential: flesh, fragrance, and frame.
    • Where to Find It: Saint-Émilion and Pomerol in Bordeaux, and inspired blends across Napa, Washington State, and South Africa.

    Syrah + Grenache + Mourvèdre (aka GSM Blend)

    • Why It Works: Grenache is juicy and aromatic, Syrah adds dark fruit and smoky spice, and Mourvèdre contributes tannin, earthy depth, and longevity.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: It’s a harmonious triangle. Grenache can lack color and tannin, which Syrah and Mourvèdre correct beautifully.
    • Where to Find It: Southern Rhône (like Châteauneuf-du-Pape), Languedoc, Australia (especially Barossa), and increasingly in Paso Robles, California.

    🍷 Cabernet Sauvignon + Merlot (Left Bank Bordeaux Style)

    • Why It Works: Cabernet’s rigid tannins and dark fruit meet Merlot’s soft texture and plummy roundness.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: Like an arranged marriage that becomes a love story, Merlot tames Cabernet’s austerity and makes it more accessible.
    • Bonus: Add a little Petit Verdot or Malbec for color and spice, or Cabernet Franc for elegance.

    Tempranillo + Garnacha (Spain’s Dynamic Duo)

    • Why It Works: Tempranillo is savory, structured, and elegant, while Garnacha is ripe, sweet-fruited, and juicy.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: Garnacha makes Tempranillo more generous and fruit-forward, particularly in Rioja and Navarra.
    • Flavor Profile: Think cherries, leather, spice, and sunbaked earth.
    Photo by Nadin Sh on Pexels.com

    Obscure but Magical Blends

    Sagrantino + Sangiovese (Italy, Umbria)

    • Why It Works: Sagrantino is brutally tannic and powerful. Sangiovese softens it with cherry brightness and acidity.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: It’s like turning down the volume without losing the melody.
    • Where to Find It: Montefalco Rosso DOC.

    Touriga Nacional + Tinta Roriz + Touriga Franca (Portugal)

    • Why It Works: These are the powerhouse grapes of Port, but also make incredible dry reds.
    • Touriga Nacional brings floral aromas and concentration, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo) adds spice and structure, and Touriga Franca offers softness and elegance.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: They allow for complex, bold wines with excellent aging potential—Port or not.
    Négrette Leaves – Marianne Casamance, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Négrette + Malbec + Fer Servadou (Southwest France)

    • Why It Works: Négrette is floral and lush, Malbec adds depth and meatiness, and Fer Servadou (aka Braucol) brings pepper and rustic tannins.
    • Where to Find It: Fronton and Gaillac, where winemakers blend local heritage grapes to craft expressive, terroir-driven wines.

    Wait… Red and White Grapes Together? Oh Yes.

    Côte-Rôtie’s Secret Ingredient: Viognier

    • Why Add a White to Red? In Côte-Rôtie (Northern Rhône), up to 20% Viognier can be co-fermented with Syrah. The Viognier stabilizes color, lifts the aromatics, and adds an exotic perfume of apricot and florals.
    • Flavor Bonus: The result is a hauntingly elegant red with ethereal aromatics and surprising finesse.

    Chianti’s Old School White Grapes

    • Did You Know? Until recently, traditional Chianti recipes included white grapes like Trebbiano and Malvasia. While now largely phased out, they helped soften the wine and add brightness.
    • Modern Take: Many winemakers now skip this for purity of Sangiovese, but a few holdouts cherish the old way.
    Petit Verdot – Eric 先魁 Hwang, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Petit Verdot: The Spice Cabinet Grape

    • Why Winemakers Use It: Petit Verdot is the saffron of the blend world—a little goes a long way. It adds inky color, tannic structure, black fruit, and violet aromas.
    • When It’s Added: Usually less than 10%, it’s used to boost a blend’s aging potential or fill out a mid-palate that feels hollow.
    • Hidden Superpower: In warm vintages or climates, it can step into a leading role (see: Australia or Napa Valley).

    Cabernet Franc: The Unsung Hero

    • Why Add It to Merlot? Cabernet Franc is often added to lift aromatics (herb, floral, pencil shavings) and acidity. Merlot can be plush but flabby on its own; Franc provides a frame.
    • Appeal to Winemakers: It “brightens the room” without overpowering the other guests.
    • Where to See It Shine: Pomerol and Saint-Émilion blends; also a solo star in Loire (Chinon, Saumur-Champigny).
    Photo by Grape Things on Pexels.com

    Some Grapes Just Prefer Company

    These varietals are often better together than alone:

    VarietalOften Blended WithWhy
    GrenacheSyrah, MourvèdreLacks tannin & color but brings ripe fruit
    MalbecCabernet Sauvignon, MerlotAdds color and juicy plum fruit
    CarignanGrenache, SyrahRustic alone, but boosts acidity and color
    CinsaultGrenache, SyrahDelicate, floral, and fruity—great supporting actor
    ZinfandelPetite Sirah, Alicante BouschetAdds color, depth, and longevity
    RoussanneMarsanne, ViognierComplex, waxy texture balanced by fruit and lift

    The Winemaker’s Palette

    Blending is like composing music or painting a landscape. The goal is harmony—but not homogeneity. Each grape is chosen for its role:

    • The Bass Line (Structure): Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, Sagrantino
    • The Melody (Fruit & Brightness): Merlot, Tempranillo, Grenache
    • The Harmony (Aromatics): Cabernet Franc, Viognier, Touriga Franca
    • The Spice (Accent & Complexity): Petit Verdot, Mourvèdre, Malbec

    Try This at Home!

    Want to explore blends for yourself?

    Host a blending party:

    1. Taste each alone.
    2. Buy three single-varietal wines (like Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Petit Verdot).
    3. Start blending! Try 60/30/10 or 70/20/10 splits and taste the difference.
    4. Have fun naming your creations!
    Photo by ROMAN ODINTSOV on Pexels.com

    Final Pour

    In the end, blending is about more than just grape chemistry—it’s about telling a story. Some grapes sing solo arias, but others form choirs. When blended thoughtfully, they become greater than the sum of their parts. Whether classic or obscure, structured or aromatic, red or white, the world of wine blends is a symphony waiting to be sipped.

    So next time you swirl a glass of Bordeaux, Rhône, Rioja—or something more exotic—raise a toast to the perfect matches inside.

    Cheers to the blend! 🍷

    Cover photo by yashima, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  • Varietal Spotlight: Txakoli

    Varietal Spotlight: Txakoli

    Spain’s Slightly Fizzy, Totally Zesty Coastal Secret.

    Picture this: You’re sitting on a seaside terrace in the Basque Country of northern Spain. A server approaches with a green bottle, lifts it shoulder-high, and pours a stream of white wine into your glass from a foot above. You hear a faint hiss, a subtle fizz, and then—boom—Txakoli (pronounced cha-koh-LEE) hits your palate with a zippy, citrusy splash like a wave crashing over coastal rocks.

    Txakoli isn’t just a wine. It’s a vibe. A ritual. A slightly spritzy, bone-dry, and utterly refreshing local treasure that, somehow, still flies under the radar internationally. But not for long. Because once you’ve tasted its brisk acidity and sea-salty tang, your palate will be hooked for life.

    Origins of Txakoli

    Txakoli hails from Basque Country, a region defined by rugged coastlines, lush green hills, and a fiercely proud culture that speaks its own language (Euskara). The wine has been made here for centuries, often by families for local consumption. For a long time, it was dismissed as rustic peasant wine—never meant to leave the village.

    But that’s changed dramatically. Modern producers have embraced quality winemaking techniques, and Txakoli (or Chacolí, in Spanish) is now one of the most exciting white wines in Europe, perfect for the modern drinker who’s over oaky butter bombs and sweet Rieslings.

    Euskaldunaa, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Three Main Denominations of Txakoli

    Getariako Txakolina (DO Getaria):

    The most famous and classic style. Pale, slightly fizzy, green-apple fresh, and made primarily from the Hondarrabi Zuri grape. This is the one you’ve seen being aerated from a height at seaside pintxo bars.

    Bizkaiko Txakolina (DO Biscay):

    More inland. The wines tend to be rounder and more aromatic, with floral and stone fruit notes. Less spritzy but still very fresh.

    Arabako Txakolina (DO Álava):

    The smallest and highest elevation region. Here, Txakoli can show more elegance and minerality. Perfect for those who appreciate wines with depth and structure.

    Image by Juan Carlos Latxaga, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    The Grapes of the Basque Gods

    Txakoli is typically made from indigenous Basque grape varieties:

    • Hondarrabi Zuri (white) – The star of the show. Produces crisp, high-acid whites with notes of lemon peel, green herbs, and sea salt.
    • Hondarrabi Beltza (red) – A rare red variety used in small quantities or for rosado (rosé). Think peppery, tart cherry reds with a coastal vibe.

    Some producers blend small amounts of Gros Manseng or Petit Courbu, but the best examples lean heavily on Hondarrabi Zuri for its unique character.

    Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com

    What to Expect in the Glass

    Txakoli is not your average white. It’s:

    • Pale straw to nearly green in color
    • Slightly effervescent (naturally fizzy—no bubbles added!)
    • Super dry and low in alcohol (usually 10.5–11.5%)
    • Zingy with acidity, citrus zest, and salinity

    Typical tasting notes:

    • Lemon peel, green apple, lime blossom
    • Fresh herbs, fennel, white flowers
    • Wet stone, sea spray, salty air

    Serve well chilled, in a white wine glass or tumbler. If you want to go full Basque, pour from high and don’t overfill the glass. You want that aeration to wake it up and soften the acidity.

    To the sea breeze in a bottle,
    the fizz that makes us giggle,
    and a wine that dances like it’s got tapas in its soul—
    Salud to Txakoli!” 🥂

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM
    MottaW, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

    Txakoli Is a Match Made for Tapas

    This wine practically begs to be served with Basque bar snacks and fresh seafood. The slight fizz and bright acidity cut through oil, salt, and fat like a lemon-wielding ninja.

    Top Pairings:

    • Anchovies on toast with lemon and olive oil
    • Bacalao croquetas (salt cod fritters)
    • Grilled sardines with garlic and parsley
    • Marinated mussels or clams
    • Jamón Ibérico (yes, Txakoli can tango with cured ham!)
    • Cheese-stuffed piquillo peppers

    Simple Recipes to Sip Alongside

    Basque-Style Anchovy Toast (Gilda-Inspired)

    When we say a dish is “Gilda-inspired,” we’re paying homage to the original pintxo (small snack) from the Basque Country known as la Gilda (pronounced HEEL-dah).

    • 6 good-quality anchovy fillets (in olive oil)
    • 6 green olives (manzanilla or Castelvetrano)
    • 6 small pickled guindilla peppers
    • Crusty bread, sliced and toasted
    • Extra virgin olive oil
    1. Thread an olive, a guindilla, and an anchovy onto a toothpick.
    2. Place on toasted bread, drizzle with olive oil.
    3. Sip your Txakoli and feel like you’re in San Sebastián.

    Quick Grilled Octopus with Lemon & Paprika

    • 1 pre-cooked octopus tentacle (many stores carry this vacuum-packed)
    • 1 tbsp olive oil
    • 1/2 tsp smoked paprika
    • Juice of 1/2 lemon
    • Sea salt
    1. Heat a grill or cast iron pan. Brush the octopus with oil.
    2. Grill 2–3 minutes per side until charred.
    3. Sprinkle with paprika, squeeze lemon over, and add flaky salt.
    4. Serve hot with a glass of chilled Getariako Txakolina.

    Don’t Let Txakoli Stay a Secret

    In the world of white wines, Txakoli is the cool friend who brings the music to the party but doesn’t care if you notice. Light, lively, and a little wild, it embodies everything we love about non-mainstream varietals: history, identity, refreshment, and food-friendliness—all in one bottle.

    It’s time to put down that Pinot Grigio and pick up a bottle of Txakoli. Bonus points if you can pronounce Hondarrabi Zuri after your second glass. Salud 🥂

    How Do You Say That Again?
    Hondarrabi Zuri = “Own-dah-RAH-bee ZOO-ree”

    Cover Image by Aiaraldea Gaur eta Hemen, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons