Two Palates, One Passion—Uncorking Wisdom, One Article at a Time!

SOMM&SOMM

Category: Wine Regions

  • The Stories Behind Iconic Wines

    The Stories Behind Iconic Wines

    The Legends of Champagne, Bordeaux, and Barolo.

    Wine is not just a drink; it’s a tapestry of history, geography, and culture, woven through the lives of the people who have cultivated the vines, crafted the blends, and shaped the traditions that define them. Among the countless wines across the globe, some stand out not only for their quality but for the stories they carry within each bottle. Let’s journey through the histories and legends of three of the world’s most iconic wines: Champagne, Bordeaux, and Barolo.

    The Wine of Celebration

    Few wines are as synonymous with celebration and luxury as Champagne. Nestled in the cool, chalky soils of the Champagne region in northern France, this sparkling wine has a history filled with intrigue, innovation, and a touch of myth.

    Statue of Dom Pérignon at Moët & Chandon – Palauenc05, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
    Born of Monks and Mistakes

    The story of Champagne begins with the ancient Romans, who first planted vineyards in this region. But it wasn’t until the Middle Ages that Champagne began to develop its unique identity. In the 17th century, Dom Pérignon, a Benedictine monk, is often (and somewhat inaccurately) credited with inventing sparkling wine. While he didn’t create it, his efforts to refine the production methods were instrumental in developing the modern Champagne we know today.

    The cold climate of the Champagne region caused fermentation to pause during winter, only to restart in the spring as temperatures rose. This unintended second fermentation produced bubbles in the bottles, which were often considered a fault. Dom Pérignon worked tirelessly to eliminate the bubbles, believing still wine was superior. However, with the advent of stronger glass and corks from England, the sparkle could finally be controlled, and by the 18th century, bubbly Champagne became a sensation across European courts.

    The Myth and the Magic: Dom Pérignon’s Revelation

    One of the most enduring legends of Champagne involves Dom Pérignon’s supposed exclamation upon tasting the newly sparkling wine: “Come quickly, I am tasting the stars!” While there is no historical evidence to support this claim, the romantic story has captured imaginations for centuries. In reality, it was the marketing genius of the Champagne houses in the 19th century—such as Veuve Clicquot, Moët & Chandon, and Pommery—that established Champagne’s reputation as the drink of royalty, celebration, and sophistication.

    Evolution: From Aristocratic Courts to Everyday Celebrations
    Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

    By the 19th century, Champagne had established itself in the aristocratic courts of Europe, and its association with luxury began to grow. Madame Clicquot, known as the “Grande Dame of Champagne,” invented the riddling rack, a method that allowed for clearer, more consistent Champagne by efficiently removing the yeast sediment that forms during secondary fermentation. This innovation, along with others, enabled Champagne to be produced on a larger scale while maintaining its quality.

    Champagne’s evolution continued into the 20th century, solidifying its place as a global symbol of celebration and refinement. From the roaring parties of the 1920s to the Formula 1 podium, Champagne has become an icon of joy, luxury, and accomplishment.

    The Blend That Built Empires

    Bordeaux is not just a wine; it is a legacy. Situated along the banks of the Garonne, Dordogne, and Gironde rivers in southwestern France, Bordeaux has been a thriving hub of viticulture for over two millennia. Its story is one of conquests, political alliances, and the rise of a global wine empire.

    1986 Château Haut-Brion – schuey, CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons
    Origins: The Rise of the Claret

    The Bordeaux wine region began to gain prominence in the Middle Ages. In 1152, the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry Plantagenet, the future King Henry II of England, brought Bordeaux under English rule. This political alliance provided Bordeaux with access to the English market, where the wines became immensely popular under the name “claret”—a term still used in England to describe red Bordeaux wines.

    Bordeaux’s success owes much to its unique terroir, which varies greatly across the region’s appellations. From the gravelly soils of the Médoc, perfect for Cabernet Sauvignon, to the clay and limestone terroirs of the Right Bank, ideal for Merlot, Bordeaux produces a diverse range of wines that are complex, age-worthy, and immensely varied.

    The 1855 Classification: Codifying Greatness

    One of the most pivotal moments in Bordeaux’s history came in 1855 when Napoleon III requested a classification of Bordeaux wines for the Paris Exposition Universelle. The result was the famous 1855 Classification, which ranked the top producers (known as “Châteaux”) in the Médoc into five crus, or growths. This classification, which remains largely unchanged today, established Bordeaux’s hierarchy and affirmed its place in the pantheon of great wines.

    The 1855 Classification became a defining moment, setting Bordeaux apart from other wine regions with its institutionalized system of prestige and quality. While only the Left Bank châteaux were classified, Bordeaux as a whole reaped the benefits of the newfound status and global acclaim.

    1977 Château Margaux
    Myths and Legends: Château Margaux’s Revolutionary Roots

    Bordeaux is not without its share of myths and legends. One of the most intriguing stories involves Château Margaux, which was saved from destruction during the French Revolution by its steward, Laure de Fumel, who placed a large “National Property” sign at the château’s entrance to protect it from revolutionary mobs. Today, Château Margaux (my personal favorite) remains one of the most revered estates in Bordeaux, known for its opulent, velvety wines.

    The King of Wines and the Wine of Kings

    Barolo, the iconic red wine from Italy’s Piedmont region, has earned its reputation as “The King of Wines and the Wine of Kings.” Made exclusively from the Nebbiolo grape, Barolo is a wine that speaks of patience, perseverance, and place. Its story is deeply intertwined with the history and culture of Piedmont, a region nestled at the foot of the Alps.

    Wines of Barolo – Alessandro Vecchi, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
    Origins: From Sweetness to Strength

    In the early 19th century, Barolo was quite different from the wine we know today. It was a sweet, lightly sparkling wine. The transformation of Barolo into a dry, powerful red wine is often attributed to the Marquise Juliette Colbert de Maulévrier, a French noblewoman who married into the Falletti family, one of the great landowning families of Piedmont. With the help of a French enologist, she redefined Barolo, turning it into the robust, dry wine that became the favorite of the House of Savoy, the ruling family of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.

    Evolution: The Rise of the Modernist and Traditionalist Movements

    Barolo’s evolution took another turn in the late 20th century when a group of innovative producers, led by Elio Altare, Paolo Scavino, and others, sought to modernize Barolo’s production methods. They introduced shorter maceration times and the use of new French oak barrels, resulting in wines that were softer, more accessible, and could be enjoyed younger.

    Glass of Barolo – Marieke Kuijjer, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

    This sparked a division between the “Modernists” and “Traditionalists.” The traditionalists, like Bartolo Mascarello and Giuseppe Rinaldi, believed in long maceration periods and aging in large Slovenian oak casks (botti) to produce tannic, structured wines that required years to mature. This “Barolo Wars” debate continues to shape Barolo today, creating a diverse spectrum of styles within the region.

    Myths and Legends: The Mysterious Fog of Nebbiolo

    The name “Nebbiolo” itself is derived from the Italian word “nebbia,” meaning fog. Legend has it that this fog, which blankets the vineyards during the harvest season, gives Nebbiolo its haunting complexity and ethereal character. Some believe this mist contributes to the grape’s slow ripening and distinctive aromas, which range from rose petals to tar.

    Early morning fog in Nebbiolo vineyard – Blue moon in her eyes, CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

    Barolo’s reputation as the “King of Wines” is tied to its ability to age. With its formidable tannic structure and high acidity, a well-made Barolo can age gracefully for decades, developing complex tertiary flavors of dried fruits, leather, tobacco, and truffles—an aromatic journey that only a few wines in the world can match.

    A Sip of History in Every Glass

    Champagne, Bordeaux, and Barolo are more than just wines; they are liquid histories, each with its own unique narrative of passion, innovation, and resilience. They tell stories of monks and mistresses, kings and rebels, and the generations of winemakers who have shaped their evolution. The next time you raise a glass of one of these iconic wines, remember you’re not just tasting fermented grapes—you’re tasting the essence of a region, the legacy of centuries, and the spirit of its people.

    Whether you’re drawn to the effervescence of Champagne, the aristocratic pedigree of Bordeaux, or the regal intensity of Barolo, each offers a portal to a different time, place, and story. Cheers to that 🍷

    Cover photo credit: © European Union, 2024, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

  • Exploring Latitude Parallels

    Exploring Latitude Parallels

    A Journey Through Parallel Wine Regions.

    The magical journey of wine begins in the vineyard, where the marriage of grape varietals and terroir sets the stage for a unique expression of flavor, aroma, and texture. As a professional sommelier and wine educator, I find endless fascination in comparing and contrasting grape varietals from regions around the world that share the same latitude. The 30 to 50 degrees latitude range, often referred to as the “wine belt,” is where the vast majority of the world’s wine-producing grapes are grown. Within this band, diverse climates and terroirs give rise to an extraordinary array of wine styles, even when the same varietal is planted. Let’s explore several mainstream grape varietals, their parallel regions across the globe, and the nuanced differences in the wines they produce.

    The Wine Belt – SOMM&SOMM Illustration

    Pinot Noir: Burgundy vs. Oregon vs. New Zealand

    Latitude Parallel: ~45°N (Burgundy, France; Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA) | ~45°S (Central Otago, New Zealand)

    Burgundy, France:
    The legendary home of Pinot Noir, Burgundy is often considered the benchmark against which all other Pinot Noirs are measured. The cool continental climate, coupled with the region’s limestone-rich soils, gives rise to wines of unparalleled elegance and complexity. Burgundian Pinot Noirs are known for their subtlety—think delicate red fruit aromas of cherry and raspberry, intertwined with earthy undertones of forest floor, mushroom, and a hint of minerality. The palate often reveals a silken texture with fine-grained tannins and a lingering, refined finish. The expression here is one of finesse, with a balance that allows the terroir to shine through.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Domaine Antonin Guyon Aloxe-Corton Les Fournieres Premier Cru 2020

    Willamette Valley, Oregon:
    At a similar latitude but across the Atlantic and a continent, Oregon’s Willamette Valley produces Pinot Noir that is both distinctive and reminiscent of its Burgundian counterparts. The maritime climate, with its cool, wet winters and dry, warm summers, creates ideal conditions for this temperamental grape. Oregon Pinot Noirs tend to showcase more vibrant fruit character—ripe red berries, plum, and even hints of blueberry. There’s often a spicy, herbal quality to the wines, with notes of clove, cinnamon, and sometimes a touch of cola. The texture is plush, with a slightly fuller body than Burgundy, yet still retaining that signature Pinot Noir elegance.

    SOMM&SOMM Spotlight Winery: Adelsheim Vineyard

    Central Otago, New Zealand:
    On the other side of the globe, Central Otago offers a completely different expression of Pinot Noir, despite sharing a similar latitude. The region’s unique combination of intense sunlight, high altitude, and cool climate results in wines that are bolder and more fruit-forward. Central Otago Pinot Noirs burst with dark cherry, blackberry, and plum flavors, often accompanied by a distinctive minerality and a touch of wild herbaceousness. The wines tend to have a more robust structure, with firmer tannins and higher alcohol levels, giving them a richer, more powerful presence on the palate.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Felton Road Cornish Point Pinot Noir 2021

    Chardonnay: Chablis vs. Margaret River vs. Mendoza

    Latitude Parallel: ~47°N (Chablis, France) | ~34°S (Margaret River, Australia) | ~32°S (Mendoza, Argentina)

    Chablis, France:
    In the northernmost part of Burgundy, Chablis is renowned for its steely, mineral-driven Chardonnay. The cool climate and Kimmeridgian limestone soils imbue these wines with a racy acidity and a distinct flinty character. Chablis is the epitome of an unoaked Chardonnay, where the fruit takes a backseat to the sharp, precise expression of terroir. Expect flavors of green apple, lemon zest, and a subtle saline quality that speaks to the marine origins of the soil. The finish is clean, crisp, and refreshingly austere—a true reflection of the Chablisien terroir.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Simonnet-Febvre Chablis Fourchaume Premier Cru 2022

    Margaret River, Australia:
    Traveling southward, the Margaret River region of Western Australia offers a warmer, maritime-influenced take on Chardonnay. Here, the wines are richer and more opulent, often with a judicious use of oak to add complexity. Margaret River Chardonnays are known for their creamy texture, with ripe stone fruit flavors of peach, nectarine, and apricot, layered with notes of cashew, buttered toast, and a hint of vanilla. Despite the warmer climate, the wines maintain a lively acidity that balances the lush fruit, making them both generous and refreshing.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Vasse Felix Chardonnay 2022

    Mendoza, Argentina:
    Further up in the Andes, Mendoza’s high-altitude vineyards produce Chardonnays that are both powerful and nuanced. The intense sunlight at these elevations allows for full ripeness, while the cool nights preserve acidity, creating a dynamic interplay in the wines. Mendoza Chardonnays often exhibit ripe tropical fruit flavors—pineapple, mango, and banana—alongside more traditional citrus and green apple notes. Oak is used to varying degrees, adding layers of spice, smoke, and a creamy texture. The wines have a broad, mouth-filling quality, with a finish that often reveals a touch of minerality from the mountain soils.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: El Enemigo Chardonnay 2021

    Syrah/Shiraz: Rhône Valley vs. Barossa Valley vs. Washington State

    Latitude Parallel: ~45°N (Rhône Valley, France) | ~34°S (Barossa Valley, Australia) | ~46°N (Walla Walla, Washington, USA)

    Rhône Valley, France:
    Syrah finds its most classical expression in the northern Rhône, particularly in appellations like Hermitage and Côte-Rôtie. The continental climate, with its hot summers and cold winters, combined with steep, granite-laden slopes, produces wines of immense complexity and longevity. Rhône Syrahs are marked by dark fruit—blackberry, blackcurrant, and plum—complemented by savory notes of black olive, smoked meat, and pepper. The tannins are firm yet well-integrated, providing a sturdy backbone for the wine’s concentrated flavors. As they age, these wines develop additional layers of earth, leather, and truffle, becoming even more profound and intricate.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Guigal Cote Rotie Brune et Blonde 2020

    Barossa Valley, Australia:
    In contrast, Australia’s Barossa Valley offers a warmer, sun-drenched take on Syrah, known locally as Shiraz. The Barossa’s hot climate and ancient, iron-rich soils result in wines that are rich, ripe, and full-bodied. Barossa Shiraz is often characterized by its bold fruit flavors—ripe blackberry, blueberry, and dark cherry—coupled with sweet spice notes of cinnamon, clove, and chocolate. The tannins are plush and velvety, creating a wine that is immediately approachable, yet capable of aging. There’s an inherent warmth and generosity to Barossa Shiraz, making it a favorite for those who enjoy robust, fruit-driven wines.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Yalumba Steeple Vineyard Shiraz 2018

    Walla Walla, Washington, USA:
    Moving back to the northern hemisphere, Washington State’s Walla Walla Valley offers yet another expression of Syrah. The region’s diverse soils and unique climate—marked by hot, dry summers and cool nights—produce wines that are somewhere between the Rhône and Barossa in style. Walla Walla Syrahs often exhibit a mix of dark fruit and savory characteristics, with blackberry, plum, and blueberry flavors sitting alongside notes of black pepper, olive tapenade, and tobacco. The wines tend to have a firm structure, with a balance of acidity and tannin that lends itself to aging. There’s often a touch of minerality and earthiness that adds complexity, reflecting the varied terroir of the region.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: K Vintners Powerline Syrah 2019

    Exploring wines from regions that share the same latitude is a journey through the intricacies of terroir, climate, and winemaking philosophy. While latitude plays a significant role in shaping the character of a wine, it is the combination of factors—soil composition, altitude, sunlight, and the winemaker’s touch—that ultimately defines the final product. Each of these regions, despite their shared latitude, offers a unique expression of the same grape varietal, showcasing the endless diversity and richness of the world of wine. Whether it’s the elegance of a Burgundian Pinot Noir, the richness of a Barossa Shiraz, or the crispness of a Chablis, there is always something new to discover in the glass.

  • Pour & Explore – Southern France

    Pour & Explore – Southern France

    An Enchanting Evening at 95 and Vine

    As a professional sommelier and wine educator, I had the pleasure of hosting the ‘Pour & Explore – Southern France’ event at the charming 95 and Vine in Port Orange, FL. The evening was a resounding success, with a full house of enthusiastic wine lovers eager to explore the diverse and rich wines of Southern France. The atmosphere was electric, filled with curiosity and excitement.

    95 and Vine: The Perfect Venue

    From the moment I stepped into 95 and Vine, I knew it was the perfect venue for our event. The ambiance was both elegant and inviting, creating an ideal setting for an evening of wine exploration. The knowledgeable and professional team at 95 and Vine, led by the dedicated owner Martin Clark, ensured that every detail was meticulously attended to. From the beautifully set tables to the seamless pouring of each wine, the evening flowed effortlessly.

    Six Wines Carefully Selected to Represent the Diversity of Southern France

    The Wines

    2023 La Chapelle du Bastion – Picpoul de Pinet

    Region: Picpoul de Pinet, Languedoc

    We began our journey with the 2023 La Chapelle du Bastion Picpoul de Pinet. This crisp and refreshing white wine from the Languedoc region was a delightful introduction. I shared insights about the region’s maritime influence and limestone soils, which contribute to the wine’s bright acidity and mineral notes. Guests appreciated the zesty citrus flavors and crisp finish, especially when paired with the creative wine-inspired light fare on 95 and Vine’s menu.

    2022 Bila-Haut – Cotes du Roussillon – Blanc

    Region: Côtes du Roussillon, Roussillon

    Next, we traveled to the sun-drenched vineyards of Roussillon with the 2022 Bila-Haut Cotes du Roussillon Blanc. This white blend captivated everyone with its rich aromas of stone fruit and floral notes. I highlighted the region’s diverse terroir, shaped by the Mediterranean climate and rugged terrain. The wine’s balanced acidity and layered flavors were a perfect match for 95 and Vine’s hummus plate.

    2021 La Coste Rosé D’une Nuit

    Region: Provence

    The third wine, 2021 La Coste Rosé D’une Nuit from Provence, brought a touch of elegance and romance to our tasting. This pale pink rosé, with its delicate notes of red berries and citrus, quickly became a crowd favorite. I described Provence’s long history of rosé production and its dedication to quality winemaking. The wine’s light, refreshing character complemented the savory elements of the charcuterie board beautifully.

    Languedoc-Roussillon

    2021 Château Puech-Haut – Argali Rouge

    Region: Languedoc

    Transitioning to red wines, the 2021 Château Puech-Haut Argali Rouge from Languedoc showcased the region’s ability to produce bold, expressive wines. This blend of Syrah and Grenache offered rich aromas of dark fruit and spices, with a smooth, velvety texture. I emphasized the Languedoc’s dynamic winemaking traditions and its emphasis on innovation. The Argali Rouge’s robust flavors paired perfectly with the charcuterie board’s cured meats, providing a satisfying and memorable tasting experience.

    2022 Famille Lancon La Solitude – Côtes du Rhône

    Region: Côtes du Rhône

    The 2022 Famille Lancon La Solitude from Côtes du Rhône brought a touch of classic Rhône Valley elegance to the evening. This red blend, with its harmonious mix of Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre, impressed guests with its complexity and balance. I delved into the rich history of the Côtes du Rhône region and its reputation for producing high-quality wines. The wine’s depth of flavor and smooth tannins paired excellently with the diverse selection of flatbreads.

    2020 Brotte – Les Hauts de Barville Châteauneuf-du-Pape

    Region: Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Rhône

    We concluded our tasting with the prestigious 2020 Brotte Les Hauts de Barville Châteauneuf-du-Pape. This powerful and elegant red wine, with its complex aromas of black fruit, herbs, and spices, was the highlight of the evening. I shared the storied history of Châteauneuf-du-Pape and its significance in the world of wine. The wine’s rich, full-bodied character offered a perfect ending to an unforgettable evening.

    A Memorable Experience

    Throughout the event, the guests were engaged and inquisitive, asking thoughtful questions and sharing their impressions of each wine. The charcuterie board, available upon request, was a delightful accompaniment, with carefully selected cheeses, meats, and other delicacies that perfectly complemented the wines. The positive feedback from attendees underscored the success of the evening, highlighting the enjoyable and educational experience we shared.

    Special thanks go to Martin Clark, the owner of 95 and Vine, for inviting me to lead this event and for his unwavering support in making it a memorable occasion. The success of ‘Pour & Explore – Southern France’ sets the stage for future events, with hopes of continuing to explore other wine regions and sharing the joy of wine with more enthusiasts.

    As the evening came to a close, guests left with a greater appreciation for the wines of Southern France and a sense of anticipation for the next ‘Pour & Explore’ event at 95 and Vine. I look forward to our next journey together through the world of wine. 🍷

  • Exploring the Languedoc and Roussillon Wine Regions

    Exploring the Languedoc and Roussillon Wine Regions

    Nestled in the sun-drenched corner of Southern France, the Languedoc and Roussillon wine regions are a paradise for wine enthusiasts. These regions boast a rich history, diverse varietals, and unique terroir, making them essential stops on any oenophile’s journey. Let’s embark on a flavorful adventure through these captivating regions, exploring their history, the characteristics of their wines, and what makes them truly special.

    The Languedoc and Roussillon regions have a long and storied history of winemaking, dating back to the 5th century BC when the Greeks introduced viticulture to the area. However, it was the Romans who significantly developed the vineyards, recognizing the region’s potential for producing exceptional wines. Over the centuries, winemaking in these regions faced numerous challenges, from phylloxera outbreaks to economic downturns. Yet, the resilient spirit of the winemakers prevailed, leading to a renaissance in the 20th and 21st centuries that has seen the regions flourish as hubs of innovation and tradition.

    The Terroir and Climate

    The unique terroir and climate of Languedoc and Roussillon play pivotal roles in shaping the characteristics of their wines. The regions benefit from a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This climate is ideal for grape growing, allowing for full ripening and concentration of flavors.

    Languedoc: Stretching from the Rhône River in the east to the Spanish border in the west, Languedoc is one of the largest wine-producing regions in the world. Its diverse terroir includes coastal plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountains. Soils vary widely, from limestone and clay to schist and gravel, providing a rich tapestry of microclimates that support a wide range of grape varietals.

    Roussillon: Located just south of Languedoc, Roussillon is often referred to as “French Catalonia.” It is nestled between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, creating a dramatic landscape of terraced vineyards and steep slopes. The region’s soils are predominantly schist, granite, and limestone, contributing to the distinct minerality found in its wines.

    Marc Benedetti/Pixabay

    Languedoc and Roussillon produce an impressive array of wines, from robust reds and crisp whites to delightful rosés and sweet fortified wines. Here are some key varietals and styles that define these regions:

    – Reds: The red wines of Languedoc and Roussillon are known for their bold flavors and complexity. Key varietals include Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. These wines often exhibit dark fruit flavors, such as blackberry and plum, complemented by herbal notes, spice, and earthy undertones.

    – Whites: White wines from these regions range from fresh and zesty to rich and full-bodied. Varietals like Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Vermentino (locally known as Rolle) are common. Expect flavors of citrus, stone fruits, and floral notes, with a distinct minerality that reflects the terroir.

    – Rosés: Rosé wines from Languedoc and Roussillon are vibrant and refreshing, typically made from Grenache, Syrah, and Cinsault. These wines are characterized by their bright red fruit flavors, crisp acidity, and hints of floral and herbal notes.

    – Fortified Wines: Roussillon, in particular, is renowned for its sweet fortified wines, known as Vin Doux Naturel. These wines, made primarily from Muscat and Grenache, are rich and luscious, with flavors of dried fruits, honey, and nuts.

    Notable Appellations

    Several appellations within Languedoc and Roussillon stand out for their exceptional wines:

    Fraissé des Corbières

    – Corbières: Known for its robust reds, Corbières offers wines with intense fruit flavors, spice, and a rustic charm.

    – Faugères: This appellation produces both red and white wines with a distinct minerality, thanks to its schist soils.

    – Minervois: Minervois is celebrated for its elegant and structured red wines, often with a floral bouquet and a touch of earthiness.

    – Picpoul de Pinet: Famous for its crisp, zesty white wines made from the Picpoul grape, perfect for pairing with seafood.

    – Côtes du Roussillon: This appellation offers a range of red, white, and rosé wines, all showcasing the region’s characteristic freshness and balance.

    – Maury: Renowned for its Vin Doux Naturel, Maury produces sweet wines with remarkable depth and complexity.

    The uniqueness of Languedoc and Roussillon wines lies in their diversity, history, and the passionate winemakers who strive to honor tradition while embracing innovation. The regions’ varied terroirs and climates allow for an incredible range of wine styles, from robust reds to delicate whites and everything in between. The influence of the Mediterranean Sea and the rugged terrain adds layers of complexity and character to the wines, making them truly distinctive.

    In conclusion, the Languedoc and Roussillon wine regions offer a rich tapestry of flavors and experiences for wine lovers. Whether you’re savoring a bold red, a crisp white, or a sweet fortified wine, you’re sure to find something that delights your palate and tells the story of this remarkable corner of Southern France. So, pour yourself a glass, sit back, and let the wines of Languedoc and Roussillon transport you to their sun-drenched vineyards and storied past. Cheers 🍷

  • The Artistry of Wine

    The Artistry of Wine

    A Comparative Exploration of Rare Wines and Famous Paintings

    In the illustrious realm where the finest wines and most celebrated paintings converge, history intertwines with opulence, creating an exquisite tapestry of sensory delight. Let us delve deeper into this captivating parallel, exploring the stories behind both the rarest wines and the most iconic artworks, while shedding light on the misconceptions that often surround them.

    1986 Château Lafite Rothschild
    Mona Lisa – Leonardo da Vinci (1503)

    At the pinnacle of vinicultural artistry stands Château Lafite Rothschild, a Bordeaux First Growth whose legacy dates back to the 17th century. The visionary behind this enological masterpiece was none other than Baron James de Rothschild, whose passion for wine (specifically this wine) transformed the estate into a beacon of excellence. Similarly, the enigmatic smile of the “Mona Lisa” finds its roots in the Renaissance genius of Leonardo da Vinci, whose meticulous brushstrokes immortalized this iconic portrait in the annals of art history.

    Wine fact: While Baron James de Rothschild is credited for the well-deserved notoriety of Château Lafite [Rothschild], he didn’t purchase the estate until 13 years after the 1855 Bordeaux Classification.

    Disclosure: This post includes some affiliate links. Should you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

    1971 Château Lafite Rothschild from the cellar of Club 10 member, Brian Toung. Opened in January 2019

    Reflecting on my own experiences… tasting a sip of a 1971 Château Lafite Rothschild is akin to standing before the ‘Mona Lisa’ in person – a moment of profound humility and privilege. It’s as if time stands still, and you find yourself enveloped in the sheer greatness of centuries-old craftsmanship, where each drop of wine or stroke of the brush whispers secrets of the past.

    In those fleeting moments, one feels not only the weight of history but also the immense privilege of bearing witness to such timeless magnificence.

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM
    Westgarth Wines

    Spotlight: Westgarth Wines is a great source for hard-to-find varietals and vintages. Whether building your wine portfolio or planning a special evening, check out Westgarth Wines Extensive Fine Wine Collection.

    On the other hand, the ethereal elixir of Domaine de la Romanée-Conti traces its origins to the esteemed vineyards of Burgundy, where generations of vignerons have toiled to produce the quintessential Pinot Noir. The guardians of this hallowed terroir, the Leroy and de Villaine families, have upheld a tradition of excellence that rivals the timeless beauty of Vincent van Gogh‘s “Starry Night.” Just as van Gogh’s swirling cosmos mesmerize viewers with their transcendent beauty, so too does the intricate tapestry of flavors in Domaine de la Romanée-Conti transport the imbiber to celestial realms of sensory delight.

    Romanée-Conti
    Starry Nights – Vincent van Gogh (1889)

    Yet, amidst the rarified air of exclusivity, lies a misconception that often plagues the world of wine: the notion of the wine snob. This caricature, with its airs of superiority and exclusivity, fails to capture the true essence of wine appreciation. In reality, a genuine wine aficionado possesses a deep appreciation for the craftsmanship and artistry that goes into every bottle, much like an art connoisseur admires the brushstrokes of a master painter. Both seek to unravel the mysteries and complexities that lie within their chosen medium, finding joy in the journey of discovery.

    In contrast, the world of more accessible wines parallels the realm of mainstream art, where familiar classics reign supreme. Wines such as Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon or Italian Chianti embody widespread appeal and approachability, much like the iconic works of Pablo Picasso or Claude Monet. Just as art aficionados find solace in the timeless beauty of a Van Gogh or a Monet, wine enthusiasts take pleasure in the familiar embrace of a well-crafted Merlot or Sauvignon Blanc.

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Napa Valley Silver Oak

    SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Chateau Montelena Cabernet Sauvignon

    The Water-Lily Pond – Claude Monet (1899)
    The Old Guitarist – Pablo Picasso (1903-1904)

    In conclusion, whether indulging in the rarefied elixirs of Château Lafite Rothschild or savoring the everyday pleasures of a Napa Valley Cabernet, both wine and art serve as conduits to a world of sensory delight. Through their boundless beauty and infinite complexity, they enrich our lives, inviting us to explore the depths of human creativity and expression. Cheers 🍷

  • The Lore of Aging Wine in Barrels

    The Lore of Aging Wine in Barrels

    Wine, that timeless elixir, has been intertwined with human history for millennia. From ancient amphorae to modern stainless steel tanks, winemaking techniques have evolved, but one tradition remains as steadfast as the vines themselves: aging wine in barrels. This practice is not merely functional but holds a mystical allure, enhancing the flavors, aromas, and textures of wine in ways that transcend mere storage vessels. Let’s dive into the history, craftsmanship, and magic of aging wine in barrels.

    Photo by Yesim G. Ozdemir on Pexels.com

    Historical Roots

    The art of barrel aging dates back to ancient civilizations, where wooden vessels were used to transport and store liquids. The Romans, in particular, recognized the transformative power of wood on wine, using barrels made from oak to age and transport their precious vintages across their vast empire. Over time, this practice spread throughout Europe, becoming synonymous with the finest wines produced in regions such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Rioja.

    Barrel aging, the silent maestro of wine evolution, weaves a tapestry of complexity, infusing wines with nuances of oak, whispers of spice, and the symphony of time, crafting bottles of elegance and depth.

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Types of Wood

    While oak remains the predominant choice for wine barrels, different species and sources of wood impart distinct characteristics to the wine. French oak, known for its subtle flavors of vanilla, spice, and toast, is favored by many winemakers for its elegance and finesse. American oak, on the other hand, tends to impart more pronounced flavors of coconut, dill, and sweet spices, making it a popular choice for bold, fruit-forward wines.

    Other types of wood, such as Hungarian oak, Slovenian oak, and chestnut, offer their own unique profiles, adding layers of complexity to the wines they age. Each wood has its own distinct grain, density, and porosity, influencing how it interacts with the wine and shapes its final character.

    Various barrel sizes and shapes waiting to be delivered

    Barrel Sizes and Shapes

    Barrels come in a variety of sizes, from the diminutive barrique to the towering foudre. The standard barrique holds approximately 225 liters (59 gallons) of wine and is commonly used in regions like Bordeaux and Burgundy. Larger formats, such as the puncheon and the foudre, are favored for their reduced surface-to-volume ratio, allowing for slower aging and gentler extraction of flavors.

    The shape of the barrel also plays a crucial role in aging wine. Taller, narrower barrels promote more gradual oxidation and evaporation, while shorter, wider barrels encourage faster integration of flavors and textures. Additionally, the toasting level of the barrel—ranging from light to heavy—can be customized to suit the winemaker’s desired style and intensity of oak influence.

    Craftsmanship and Cooperage

    The art of barrel making, or cooperage, is a centuries-old tradition that requires skill, precision, and patience. Cooperages source the finest oak staves, carefully shaping and toasting them to exact specifications. Master coopers employ time-honored techniques, passed down through generations, to construct barrels that are both functional and beautiful.

    Cooperages offer winemakers a range of options, from the type of wood and toast level to the size and shape of the barrel. Customization allows winemakers to tailor their barrels to the specific needs of each wine, ensuring optimal aging and expression of terroir.

    Impact on Wine and Cost

    The impact of barrel aging on wine is profound, influencing its color, aroma, flavor, and texture in myriad ways. Oak imparts flavors of vanilla, spice, toast, and caramel, while also softening tannins and enhancing mouthfeel. Oxygen slowly permeates the barrel, allowing the wine to evolve and develop complexity over time.

    The cost of barrel aging varies depending on factors such as the type of wood, size of the barrel, and quality of craftsmanship. French oak barrels, prized for their elegance and finesse, are among the most expensive, while American oak and other alternatives offer more affordable options. The cost of barrel aging can account for a significant portion of a wine’s production expenses, particularly for premium and ultra-premium wines that require extended aging in oak.

    Famous Burgundian Grand Cru (Pinot Noir)

    Regional and Varietal Characteristics

    Certain countries, regions, and varietals are renowned for the unique characteristics imparted by barrel aging. In Bordeaux, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot blends mature in oak barrels, gaining complexity and structure over time. Burgundian Pinot Noir and Chardonnay benefit from aging in French oak, acquiring nuances of spice, toast, and vanilla.

    Spanish Tempranillo finds its soulmate in American oak, with Rioja and Ribera del Duero wines showcasing flavors of coconut, dill, and sweet spices. Italian Sangiovese, aged in large Slavonian oak casks, develops savory notes of leather, tobacco, and earth.

    While barrel aging remains the gold standard for many winemakers, alternative methods offer creative ways to achieve similar results. Stainless steel tanks provide a neutral environment for aging wine, preserving fruit purity and freshness. Concrete eggs and amphorae impart subtle texture and minerality, enhancing the wine’s sense of place.

    Some winemakers utilize oak alternatives, such as chips, staves, or spirals, to infuse wine with oak flavors without the expense or commitment of traditional barrel aging. While these methods can produce compelling results, they often lack the complexity and integration achieved through prolonged aging in oak.

    Barrels, like fine wine, have a finite lifespan, with each one imparting its unique imprint on the wines it ages. The number of times a barrel can be used depends on factors such as the type of wood, thickness of the staves, and care taken during maintenance. French oak barrels, with their tighter grain and slower oxidation rate, can be reused for several vintages before losing their efficacy.

    After a barrel has reached the end of its useful life for aging wine, it may find new purpose as furniture, planters, or even firewood. Some adventurous souls repurpose old barrels as aging vessels for beer, spirits, or vinegar, continuing the cycle of transformation and innovation.

    Here’s to the artistry of barrel aging, where time becomes the master craftsman, transforming grapes into liquid poetry. Cheers to the magic of oak, the alchemy of time, and the enduring allure of beautifully aged wines. Salud!

    Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

    Aging wine in barrels is a time-honored tradition that marries craftsmanship with alchemy, transforming humble grapes into liquid poetry. From the forests of France to the vineyards of Napa Valley, the story of barrel aging is one of passion, innovation, and reverence for the past. As we raise our glasses to toast the fruits of the vine, let us also raise a toast to the humble barrel, the silent guardian of wine’s journey through time and wood. Cheers 🍷

  • Exploring the History and Tradition of Vin Santo Wine

    Exploring the History and Tradition of Vin Santo Wine

    In the rolling hills of Tuscany, amidst the golden vineyards and centuries-old traditions, lies a treasure deeply rooted in history and culture—the enchanting Vin Santo wine. With its rich amber hues and complex flavors, Vin Santo embodies the essence of Italy’s winemaking heritage, weaving together centuries of tradition into each precious drop.

    Beautiful rolling hills of Tuscany

    A Journey Through Time: Origins of Vin Santo

    The origins of Vin Santo can be traced back to medieval times, where its story intertwines with the religious and cultural tapestry of Italy. Legend has it that Vin Santo, meaning “holy wine” in Italian, was first crafted by monks in the Tuscan hillsides. These devout custodians of viticulture discovered that by allowing grapes to dry on straw mats in warm attics, the sugars concentrated, resulting in a sweet, luscious wine.

    The process of making Vin Santo is deeply intertwined with the concept of ‘appassimento,’ a traditional method of drying grapes to concentrate their sugars and flavors. This technique, which originated in ancient Rome, was revived and perfected by Tuscan winemakers, leading to the creation of Vin Santo’s signature style.

    The Art of Vinification: Crafting Vin Santo

    Vin Santo is primarily crafted from white grape varieties such as Trebbiano and Malvasia, although red grape varieties like Sangiovese are also used in some regions. The grapes are harvested at optimal ripeness before being carefully laid out on straw mats or hung in well-ventilated lofts to dry. This drying process, known as ‘appassimento,’ can last for several months, allowing the grapes to gradually shrivel and concentrate their sugars.

    Once sufficiently dried, the grapes are gently pressed, yielding a highly concentrated juice with elevated sugar levels. This luscious must is then transferred to small oak barrels, known as caratelli or ‘little barrels,’ where it undergoes a slow and patient fermentation. Unlike most wines, Vin Santo is left to ferment naturally, relying on ambient yeasts to work their magic over the course of several years.

    The aging process is a hallmark of Vin Santo production, with the wine maturing in small barrels for a minimum of three to five years, though some examples age for much longer. During this time, the wine develops its distinctive aromas and flavors, evolving from vibrant fruitiness to complex notes of dried fruits, nuts, honey, and spices.

    The Variations of Vin Santo: Tradition and Terroir

    While Vin Santo is most commonly associated with Tuscany, its production extends to other regions of Italy, each with its own unique interpretation of this revered wine. In addition to the classic Vin Santo di Chianti, which hails from the heart of Tuscany, other notable variations include Vin Santo del Chianti Classico, Vin Santo di Montepulciano, and Vin Santo di Carmignano.

    These variations reflect not only regional differences in grape varieties and winemaking techniques but also the influence of terroir—the unique combination of soil, climate, and geography that shapes each wine’s character. For example, Vin Santo del Chianti Classico is celebrated for its elegance and balance, while Vin Santo di Montepulciano boasts a more robust and structured profile.

    The Ritual of Enjoyment: Serving Vin Santo

    Vin Santo is more than just a wine; it’s a symbol of conviviality and tradition, often shared during special occasions and festive gatherings. The ritual of serving Vin Santo is as important as the wine itself, with time-honored customs dictating its presentation and enjoyment.

    Vin Santo and Biscotti

    Traditionally served in small, tulip-shaped glasses, Vin Santo is accompanied by biscotti or ‘cantucci,’ almond biscuits specifically designed to complement its sweetness. The ritual of dipping the biscotti into the wine, allowing them to soak up its ambrosial nectar, is a sensory experience that enhances the wine’s flavors and textures.

    Vin Santo is also a versatile wine that pairs beautifully with a variety of foods, from aged cheeses and foie gras to desserts such as panna cotta and almond cakes. Its natural sweetness and complex aromas make it a delightful accompaniment to both savory and sweet dishes, earning it a place of honor on tables around the world. Vin Santo is the wine traditionally used in tiramisu 🙂

    Tiramisu with Vin Santo

    Preserving Tradition: The Future of Vin Santo

    In an era of rapidly changing tastes and trends, the tradition of Vin Santo remains a steadfast beacon of Italy’s winemaking heritage. While modern advancements have brought innovations to the production process, the essence of Vin Santo—its connection to the land, its reverence for tradition, and its timeless allure—remains unchanged.

    As we raise our glasses to toast the legacy of Vin Santo, we honor not only the craftsmanship of generations past but also the promise of generations to come. In each sip of this sacred elixir, we taste the history, the tradition, and the timeless beauty of Italian winemaking—a legacy that continues to inspire and enchant wine lovers around the world.

    Cheers🍷

  • The History, Tradition, and Elegance of Port Wine

    The History, Tradition, and Elegance of Port Wine

    Port wine, a fortified wine hailing from the Douro Valley in Portugal, stands as a testament to centuries of winemaking expertise and tradition. Its rich flavors, deep history, and diverse styles make it a cherished beverage among enthusiasts and connoisseurs worldwide.

    Photo by Yesim G. Ozdemir on Pexels.com

    History and Heritage

    The story of Port wine dates back to the late 17th century when British wine merchants sought alternatives to French wines due to political conflicts. They turned to Portugal and discovered the robust wines of the Douro Valley. The addition of brandy to stabilize the wine during transportation led to the creation of what we now know as Port.

    The unique microclimate and terroir of the Douro Valley, with its steep terraced vineyards and schist soil, contribute to the distinctive character of Port wine. Over the centuries, Port production methods have evolved, but many traditional practices endure, preserving the essence of this revered beverage.

    Port wine comes in a variety of styles, each offering its own distinctive characteristics:

    Ruby Port – Young and vibrant, with fruity flavors of cherries and berries, Ruby Port is aged for a relatively short time in oak barrels to retain its freshness.

    Tawny Port – Aged in oak barrels for extended periods, Tawny Port develops a mellow complexity, with notes of caramel, nuts, and dried fruits. The aging process also imparts a tawny color to the wine.

    Vintage Port

    Vintage Port – Considered the pinnacle of Port quality, Vintage Port is made from the best grapes of a single exceptional harvest. It requires aging in the bottle for many years to reach its full potential, resulting in a wine of great depth, concentration, and complexity.

    Late Bottled Vintage (LBV) Port – Similar to Vintage Port but aged longer in barrels before bottling, LBV Port offers a more approachable and affordable alternative with many of the same qualities as Vintage Port.

    White Port – Made from white grape varieties, White Port ranges from dry to sweet and exhibits flavors of citrus, honey, and nuts. It is often enjoyed as an aperitif or in cocktails.

    Fortification Timing and the Effects on the Profile

    Pre-fermentation and post-fermentation fortification are two distinct methods used in winemaking to fortify wines, particularly in the production of fortified wines like Port. While both methods involve the addition of a neutral grape spirit (typically brandy) to increase the alcohol content of the wine, they differ in timing and their effects on the wine’s flavor profile.

    Pre-fermentation Fortification:

    Pre-fermentation fortification involves adding grape spirit to the grape must (crushed grapes and juice) before fermentation begins. This halts the fermentation process by raising the alcohol level to a point where the yeast responsible for fermentation cannot survive. As a result, the wine retains a higher level of residual sugar, as the fermentation process is halted before all the sugars are converted to alcohol.

    Effects:

    1. Retention of Sweetness: Because fermentation is stopped before all the sugars are converted to alcohol, pre-fermentation fortified wines tend to have higher levels of residual sugar, resulting in a sweeter profile.
    2. Fruitier Aromas and Flavors: The presence of residual sugar can enhance the perception of fruity aromas and flavors in the wine.
    3. Lower Alcohol Content: Compared to post-fermentation fortification, pre-fermentation fortified wines typically have a lower alcohol content since the fermentation process is stopped earlier.

    Post-fermentation Fortification:

    Post-fermentation fortification, as the name suggests, involves adding grape spirit to the wine after fermentation is complete. This allows the wine to ferment fully, converting all available sugars into alcohol before fortification.

    Effects:

    1. Dryer Profile: Since fermentation proceeds to completion before fortification, post-fermentation fortified wines tend to have lower levels of residual sugar, resulting in a drier profile compared to pre-fermentation fortified wines.
    2. Higher Alcohol Content: Post-fermentation fortified wines generally have a higher alcohol content compared to their pre-fermentation counterparts because fermentation proceeds to completion before fortification.
    3. More Complex Flavor Profile: With the fermentation process allowed to complete, post-fermentation fortified wines may exhibit a more complex flavor profile, with a balance of fruitiness, acidity, and alcohol.

    Choosing between Pre-fermentation and Post-fermentation Fortification:

    The choice between pre-fermentation and post-fermentation fortification depends on the desired style of the wine. Winemakers may opt for pre-fermentation fortification to create sweeter, fruitier styles with lower alcohol content, while post-fermentation fortification may be chosen for drier, more complex wines with higher alcohol levels.

    While both pre-fermentation and post-fermentation fortification involve the addition of grape spirit to increase alcohol content, they differ in timing and resulting flavor profiles. Pre-fermentation fortification halts fermentation before completion, resulting in sweeter, fruitier wines with lower alcohol content, while post-fermentation fortification allows fermentation to complete before fortification, resulting in drier, more complex wines with higher alcohol content.

    Proper Serving and Pairing

    To fully appreciate the nuances of Port wine, proper serving techniques are essential. Port should be served slightly chilled, around 16-18°C (60-64°F), to accentuate its flavors and aromas without masking them.

    When it comes to pairing, Port’s versatility shines. Ruby Ports pair well with chocolate desserts, while Tawny Ports complement caramelized nuts and aged cheeses. Vintage Ports are best enjoyed on their own or with strong cheeses like Stilton. White Ports make refreshing aperitifs and pair beautifully with seafood or spicy dishes.

    Port Tongs and a Bottle of Vintage Port

    The Art of Port Tongs

    One of the most intriguing traditions associated with Port wine is the use of Port tongs. Dating back to the 18th century, Port tongs are long, slender metal implements used to open bottles of Vintage Port without a corkscrew. This method, known as “porting,” requires skill and precision.

    To use Port tongs, the neck of the bottle is heated evenly with the tong’s fiery end until it is glowing red-hot. After a few moments, the red-hot tong is applied to the bottle’s neck, causing it to crack cleanly just below the cork. The cork and a portion of the neck are removed, leaving the wine intact and ready to be enjoyed.

    While the use of Port tongs is primarily ceremonial today, it serves as a reminder of Port wine’s rich heritage and the craftsmanship involved in its production. It also adds a touch of drama and spectacle to the ritual of opening a bottle of Vintage Port, making it an unforgettable experience for enthusiasts and collectors alike.

    Port wine continues to captivate wine lovers around the world with its timeless appeal, diverse styles, and rich cultural heritage. Whether enjoyed on its own or paired with food, Port offers a taste of tradition and sophistication that transcends generations. And for those seeking to add an extra dash of drama to their Port experience, the art of Port tongs awaits, ready to elevate any special occasion. Saúde 🍷

  • Exploring Tuscan Elegance: A Journey through Cantine Guidi’s Wine Portfolio

    Exploring Tuscan Elegance: A Journey through Cantine Guidi’s Wine Portfolio

    In the heart of Tuscany, amidst the rolling hills and historic vineyards, lies a hidden gem known as Cantine Guidi. Under the guidance of their father, Avio Guidi, and led by fourth-generation winemakers Giacomo and Nicola Guidi, this esteemed winery has been crafting exceptional wines that encapsulate the essence of the region for decades. Recently, I had the privilege of attending a special wine tasting event hosted by WineNot? orchestrated by the gracious owners and sommeliers, Mike and Lorale Mullins. This intimate gathering, limited to just 20 individuals, offered an unparalleled opportunity to delve into the world of Cantine Guidi and immerse ourselves in the artistry of winemaking.

    We want to make our wines drink all over the world and that every person drinking them can discover the soul of our family and of Tuscany

    Nicola Guida
    Cantine Guidi Tasting Lineup

    Nicola Guidi began our tasting journey with the Cantine Guidi Vernaccia di San Gimignano D.O.C.G., a crisp and refreshing white wine that immediately captivated the senses. With its delicate floral aromas and vibrant citrus notes, this wine embodies the essence of Tuscan terroir. The limestone-rich soils of San Gimignano impart a distinctive minerality, while the cool climate ensures optimal acidity. Paired with fresh seafood or light pasta dishes, this Vernaccia di San Gimignano is a true delight.

    Next on the lineup was the Cantine Guidi Vernaccia di San Gimignano Riserva D.O.C.G., a step above its predecessor in terms of complexity and depth. Aged to perfection, this wine boasts layers of ripe stone fruit, honeyed undertones, and a subtle hint of almonds. The extended oak aging adds a touch of richness and texture, making it an ideal companion to creamy risottos or poultry dishes.

    San Gimignano is often referred to as Tuscany’s “Medieval Manhattan”

    Transitioning to reds, we savored the Morellino di Scansano D.O.C.G., a wine that showcases the versatility of Sangiovese grapes in the Maremma region. With its medium body and velvety tannins, this Morellino di Scansano offers an array of red berry flavors, accented by hints of herbs and spices. Its vibrant acidity makes it a versatile pairing for a variety of dishes, from grilled meats to hearty stews.

    Moving on to the Cantine Guidi Chianti Classico D.O.C.G., we were treated to a quintessential expression of Tuscan red wine. Crafted from Sangiovese grapes grown in the historic Chianti Classico region, this wine exudes elegance and finesse. Bursting with ripe cherry and plum flavors, complemented by notes of violet and earth, it is a true testament to the terroir of Tuscany. Pair it with classic Italian dishes such as pasta with tomato-based sauces (Greg’s Marinara Sauce) or aged cheeses for an unforgettable dining experience.

    Vin Santo

    The tasting culminated with the Cantine Guidi Chianti Riserva D.O.C.G., a wine of exceptional depth and complexity. Made from carefully selected grapes and aged in oak barrels, this Chianti Riserva offers an enticing bouquet of dark fruit, tobacco, and leather. Its velvety texture and lingering finish make it a perfect match for hearty meat dishes or aged cheeses.

    Last but certainly not least, we indulged in the Vin Santo del Chianti D.O.C., a true Tuscan treasure. This sweet dessert wine, made from sun-dried grapes, captivated our palates with its luscious notes of caramelized nuts, dried fruits, and honey. Sipped slowly, it served as a fitting finale to our tasting journey, leaving a lasting impression of Tuscan hospitality and craftsmanship.

    We strongly believe that we start from the origins and along the way we grow and change based on the needs of our land; in fact, it is sustainability and ethics that motivate the choices we make every day.

    Cantine Guidi 1929

    Throughout the tasting, Nicola Guidi’s passion for winemaking shone through, as he shared insights into his family’s legacy and the unique terroir of each wine. From the sun-drenched vineyards of San Gimignano to the rugged hills of Chianti, every bottle tells a story of tradition, innovation, and dedication to quality.

    WineNot? West – 1108 W Granada Blvd, Ormond Beach, FL 32174

    As we bid farewell to WineNot? and its gracious hosts, Mike and Lorale Mullins, I couldn’t help but reflect on the unforgettable experience we had shared. Through the artistry of Cantine Guidi’s wines, we had embarked on a sensory journey through the timeless landscapes of Tuscany, savoring each moment and leaving with a newfound appreciation for the beauty of Italian winemaking. Saluti 🍷

    Greg’s Marinara Sauce

    • 1/4 cup olive oil
    • 3/4 cup yellow onion, chopped
    • 6 cloves garlic, minced
    • 1 28-oz. can San Marzano style chopped tomatoes in puree
    • 1 28 oz. can San Marzano style crushed tomatoes
    • 2 tsp. Italian seasoning
    • 1 tsp. kosher salt
    • 1 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
    • 1/4 tsp. red pepper flakes
    • 1 Tbsp. granulated sugar
    • A dozen torn basil leaves

    In a large saucepan, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Add onion and cook until translucent, stirring often, about 3-4 minutes. Add the garlic and cook for an additional minute, stirring constantly. Add all the remaining ingredients except the basil leaves and stir until well combined. Reduce the heat and simmer for 30 minutes. Add the torn basil leaves. This would be the time to add meatballs, sausage, or any other heavenly goodness 😉

  • Winemaking in Spring: From Bud Break to Flowering

    Winemaking in Spring: From Bud Break to Flowering

    First article in the series–The Seasons of Winemaking.

    Spring is a crucial season for winemaking, as it marks the beginning of the annual growth cycle of the grapevines. During this time, the vines awaken from their winter dormancy and start to produce new shoots, leaves, and flowers. The viticulturists and winemakers have to monitor and manage the vineyard carefully to ensure the health and quality of the grapes that will be harvested in the fall.

    Bud break at Jordan Winery, Alexander Valley

    Bud Break

    Bud break is the first visible sign of growth in the vineyard, usually occurring in March or April in the Northern Hemisphere, and September or October in the Southern Hemisphere. It happens when the buds on the dormant canes swell and burst, revealing tiny green shoots that will eventually become branches. Bud break is influenced by several factors, such as the grape variety, the climate, the soil, and the pruning method. Some varieties, such as Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, tend to bud earlier than others, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah. This means that they are more susceptible to frost damage, which can kill the young shoots and reduce the yield.

    To prevent frost damage, viticulturists may use various techniques, such as heaters, wind machines, sprinklers, or helicopters, to circulate warm air or water around the vines. They may also delay pruning until late winter or early spring, to avoid stimulating early bud break. Pruning is an essential task that involves cutting off excess or unwanted wood from the previous year, to shape the vine and control its vigor. Pruning also determines the number and position of the buds that will produce the grapes, and thus affects the quantity and quality of the harvest.

    Bud break is celebrated in different ways around the world, often with religious or spiritual ceremonies. For example, in Burgundy, France, the monks of the Clos de Vougeot monastery used to bless the vines and pray for a good harvest on the day of bud break. In Chile, the Fiesta de la Vendimia (Harvest Festival) begins with a mass and a blessing of the first must (grape juice) by the local priest. In Napa Valley, California, some wineries host bud break parties and tastings for their club members and guests.

    Shoot Growth

    After bud break, the shoots grow rapidly, reaching up to a meter in length by the end of spring. They develop leaves, tendrils, and lateral branches, forming the canopy of the vine. The leaves are the main source of energy for the vine, as they capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. The sugars are stored in the roots, trunk, and canes, and are used for growth and ripening. The tendrils are curly structures that help the vine cling to the trellis or support system, and maintain its vertical position. The lateral branches are secondary shoots that emerge from the leaf axils, and may produce additional clusters of grapes.

    The viticulturists and winemakers have to manage the canopy carefully, to balance the amount of sunlight, air, and moisture that reaches the grapes. Too much shade can reduce the sugar and flavor development, and increase the risk of fungal diseases. Too much sun can cause sunburn or dehydration, and affect the color and aroma of the grapes. To achieve the optimal canopy, they may use various techniques, such as:

    – Tying or tucking the shoots to the trellis wires, to keep them upright and organized.

    – Thinning or removing excess shoots, leaves, or lateral branches, to reduce overcrowding and improve ventilation.

    – Topping or trimming the tips of the shoots, to limit their growth and redirect the energy to the grapes.

    – Spraying or dusting the vines with organic or synthetic substances, to protect them from pests and diseases.

    Flowering stage of the grapevine

    Flowering

    Flowering is the next major stage in the vineyard, usually occurring in May or June in the Northern Hemisphere, and November or December in the Southern Hemisphere. It happens when the tiny green clusters of flowers on the shoots open and release pollen. The flowers are hermaphroditic, meaning that they have both male and female parts, and can self-pollinate. However, they may also rely on wind or insects to transfer pollen from one flower to another. The pollination process leads to fertilization, which results in the formation of seeds and berries. The berries are initially hard and green, and contain high levels of acidity and tannins.

    Flowering is celebrated in various ways around the world, often with music and dancing. For example, in Germany, the Blütenfest (Flower Festival) is held in several wine regions, featuring parades, concerts, and wine tastings. In Italy, the Festa dei Fiori (Flower Festival) is celebrated in many towns and villages, with floral decorations, folk performances, and local delicacies. In Argentina, the Fiesta Nacional de la Flor (National Flower Festival) is held in Escobar, a town known for its flower production and nurseries. The festival includes a flower parade, a queen contest, and a display of regional wines.

    Flowering is a critical and delicate phase, as it determines the potential crop size and quality. The number of flowers that successfully pollinate and set fruit is called the fruit set, and it can vary from 30% to 70% depending on the grape variety and the weather conditions. Warm, dry, and calm weather is ideal for flowering, as it facilitates pollination and prevents shattering or falling off of the flowers. Cold, wet, or windy weather can hinder flowering, and cause poor fruit set, uneven ripening, or coulure (the failure of the berries to develop after fertilization).

    Important fruit set stage in the growth cycle

    To ensure a good fruit set, viticulturists and winemakers may use various techniques, such as:

    – Choosing grape varieties that are suited to the climate and soil of the region, and that have consistent and reliable flowering behavior.

    – Adjusting the pruning and canopy management practices, to influence the timing and duration of flowering, and to expose the flowers to optimal sunlight and air circulation.

    – Applying plant hormones or biostimulants, to enhance the flowering and fruit set process, and to correct any deficiencies or imbalances in the vine.

    In summary, spring is a vital season for winemaking, as it marks the start of the grapevine’s growth cycle. From bud break to flowering, the viticulturists and winemakers have to monitor and manage the vineyard carefully, to ensure the health and quality of the grapes. They have to deal with various challenges, such as frost, pests, diseases, and weather fluctuations, and use various techniques, such as pruning, canopy management, and plant hormones, to influence the flowering and fruit set process.

    This article is the first in a series of four articles that dives into the seasons and stages of winemaking, from blossom to bottle and everything in between. In the next article, we will explore the summer season, when the grapes undergo veraison and ripening, and the viticulturists and winemakers prepare for the harvest. Stay tuned for more insights into the fascinating world of winemaking. 🍇🍷