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Tag: wine

Pour & Explore – Southern France

An Enchanting Evening at 95 and Vine

As a professional sommelier and wine educator, I had the pleasure of hosting the ‘Pour & Explore – Southern France’ event at the charming 95 and Vine in Port Orange, FL. The evening was a resounding success, with a full house of enthusiastic wine lovers eager to explore the diverse and rich wines of Southern France. The atmosphere was electric, filled with curiosity and excitement.

95 and Vine: The Perfect Venue

From the moment I stepped into 95 and Vine, I knew it was the perfect venue for our event. The ambiance was both elegant and inviting, creating an ideal setting for an evening of wine exploration. The knowledgeable and professional team at 95 and Vine, led by the dedicated owner Martin Clark, ensured that every detail was meticulously attended to. From the beautifully set tables to the seamless pouring of each wine, the evening flowed effortlessly.

Six Wines Carefully Selected to Represent the Diversity of Southern France

The Wines

2023 La Chapelle du Bastion – Picpoul de Pinet

Region: Picpoul de Pinet, Languedoc

We began our journey with the 2023 La Chapelle du Bastion Picpoul de Pinet. This crisp and refreshing white wine from the Languedoc region was a delightful introduction. I shared insights about the region’s maritime influence and limestone soils, which contribute to the wine’s bright acidity and mineral notes. Guests appreciated the zesty citrus flavors and crisp finish, especially when paired with the creative wine-inspired light fare on 95 and Vine’s menu.

2022 Bila-Haut – Cotes du Roussillon – Blanc

Region: Côtes du Roussillon, Roussillon

Next, we traveled to the sun-drenched vineyards of Roussillon with the 2022 Bila-Haut Cotes du Roussillon Blanc. This white blend captivated everyone with its rich aromas of stone fruit and floral notes. I highlighted the region’s diverse terroir, shaped by the Mediterranean climate and rugged terrain. The wine’s balanced acidity and layered flavors were a perfect match for 95 and Vine’s hummus plate.

2021 La Coste Rosé D’une Nuit

Region: Provence

The third wine, 2021 La Coste Rosé D’une Nuit from Provence, brought a touch of elegance and romance to our tasting. This pale pink rosé, with its delicate notes of red berries and citrus, quickly became a crowd favorite. I described Provence’s long history of rosé production and its dedication to quality winemaking. The wine’s light, refreshing character complemented the savory elements of the charcuterie board beautifully.

Languedoc-Roussillon

2021 Château Puech-Haut – Argali Rouge

Region: Languedoc

Transitioning to red wines, the 2021 Château Puech-Haut Argali Rouge from Languedoc showcased the region’s ability to produce bold, expressive wines. This blend of Syrah and Grenache offered rich aromas of dark fruit and spices, with a smooth, velvety texture. I emphasized the Languedoc’s dynamic winemaking traditions and its emphasis on innovation. The Argali Rouge’s robust flavors paired perfectly with the charcuterie board’s cured meats, providing a satisfying and memorable tasting experience.

2022 Famille Lancon La Solitude – Côtes du Rhône

Region: Côtes du Rhône

The 2022 Famille Lancon La Solitude from Côtes du Rhône brought a touch of classic Rhône Valley elegance to the evening. This red blend, with its harmonious mix of Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre, impressed guests with its complexity and balance. I delved into the rich history of the Côtes du Rhône region and its reputation for producing high-quality wines. The wine’s depth of flavor and smooth tannins paired excellently with the diverse selection of flatbreads.

2020 Brotte – Les Hauts de Barville Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Region: Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Rhône

We concluded our tasting with the prestigious 2020 Brotte Les Hauts de Barville Châteauneuf-du-Pape. This powerful and elegant red wine, with its complex aromas of black fruit, herbs, and spices, was the highlight of the evening. I shared the storied history of Châteauneuf-du-Pape and its significance in the world of wine. The wine’s rich, full-bodied character offered a perfect ending to an unforgettable evening.

A Memorable Experience

Throughout the event, the guests were engaged and inquisitive, asking thoughtful questions and sharing their impressions of each wine. The charcuterie board, available upon request, was a delightful accompaniment, with carefully selected cheeses, meats, and other delicacies that perfectly complemented the wines. The positive feedback from attendees underscored the success of the evening, highlighting the enjoyable and educational experience we shared.

Special thanks go to Martin Clark, the owner of 95 and Vine, for inviting me to lead this event and for his unwavering support in making it a memorable occasion. The success of ‘Pour & Explore – Southern France’ sets the stage for future events, with hopes of continuing to explore other wine regions and sharing the joy of wine with more enthusiasts.

As the evening came to a close, guests left with a greater appreciation for the wines of Southern France and a sense of anticipation for the next ‘Pour & Explore’ event at 95 and Vine. I look forward to our next journey together through the world of wine. 🍷

July 24, 2024
The Elegance of Wine Glasses

A Deep Dive into Rolled Edge vs. Cut Edge

When it comes to the world of wine, the vessel you choose to enjoy your vintage in can profoundly influence the experience. Whether you’re a seasoned oenophile or a curious beginner, understanding the intricacies of wine glasses can elevate your appreciation of the wine itself. Among the many features of a wine glass, the edge – specifically whether it is rolled or cut – plays a surprisingly pivotal role.

Every detail, down to the very edge, contributes to the symphony of senses that is wine tasting.
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Rolled Edge vs. Cut Edge: The Basics

Rolled Edge Wine Glasses

A rolled edge wine glass features a lip that has been thickened by rolling the glass at the rim. This process creates a rounded, smooth edge. Rolled edges are often found in more durable, everyday glassware. They provide a comfortable drinking experience, as the thicker rim can be easier on the lips. However, the thicker edge may somewhat impede the direct flow of wine onto the palate, potentially dulling the sensory experience.

Cut Edge Wine Glasses

In contrast, a cut edge wine glass boasts a thin, sharp rim achieved by cutting the glass rather than rolling it. This style is prevalent in higher-end, sommelier-approved glassware. The fine edge allows the wine to flow smoothly and directly onto the tongue, enhancing the tasting experience by delivering more precise flavors and aromas.

Typical Rolled-edge Restaurant Wine Glasses

When to Use Each Type

Rolled Edge Uses

– Casual Settings: Perfect for informal gatherings and outdoor events where durability and ease of use are prioritized over the nuanced tasting experience.

– Everyday Use: Ideal for those who enjoy a glass of wine with dinner and prefer a sturdy, easy-to-clean option.

Cut Edge Uses

– Formal Occasions: Essential for wine tastings, dinners, and events where showcasing the wine’s full profile is the goal.

– Wine Enthusiasts: Perfect for those who are passionate about wine and want to experience every subtle note and aroma.

Riedel Vinum Series Crystal Wine Glasses

Glass Making Approaches and Formulas

The material and craftsmanship behind wine glasses significantly influence their performance and the overall tasting experience. Let’s explore the primary materials used in fine glassware:

Quartz Glass

Quartz glass, or fused silica, is known for its exceptional clarity and resistance to thermal shock. It is less common in wine glasses due to its high cost and difficulty in molding. However, its superior clarity makes it a favorite in scientific applications and ultra-premium glassware.

Soda-Lime Glass

This is the most common type of glass, made from a combination of soda (sodium carbonate), lime (calcium oxide), and silica (silicon dioxide). Soda-lime glass is economical and durable, making it suitable for everyday use. However, it is generally less clear and brilliant than other types of glass.

Lead Crystal

Lead crystal, traditionally containing up to 30% lead oxide, is renowned for its brilliance and clarity. The lead content increases the refractive index, giving the glass a beautiful sparkle. Lead crystal is also more malleable when molten, allowing for intricate designs and thin rims. However, concerns about lead leaching have led to a decline in its use for drinkware.

Lead-Free Crystal

Modern advancements have produced lead-free crystal, which substitutes lead oxide with other metal oxides like barium or zinc. This material retains the desirable properties of traditional lead crystal – clarity, brilliance, and durability – without the health concerns. Lead-free crystal is now the standard for high-quality wine glasses.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Riedel Vinum Crystal Glasses

The Effect on the Wine-Tasting Experience

The choice of glass material and design profoundly affects the wine-tasting experience:

Clarity: Higher clarity materials, like lead or lead-free crystal, allow for better visual appreciation of the wine’s color and consistency. The ability to see the wine clearly can enhance the overall sensory experience.

Thickness: Thinner rims, typical of cut edge glasses made from crystal, allow for a more delicate delivery of wine to the palate, enhancing the perception of flavors and aromas. Thicker, rolled rims, more common in soda-lime glass, can dull this precision but provide durability and comfort.

Weight: Crystal glasses are typically lighter and more balanced than their soda-lime counterparts, which can enhance the tactile experience of swirling and sipping the wine.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Zalto Denk’Art Universal Hand-Blown Crystal Glasses

Science and Subjectivity

Science tells us that the thinner, more precise rim of a cut edge glass improves the direct flow of wine, enhancing the sensory experience by delivering flavors and aromas more effectively. However, the subjective pleasure derived from using a particular glass often depends on personal preference and context.

For some, the ritual of selecting a delicate, beautifully crafted cut edge crystal glass adds to the romance of wine drinking. For others, the comfort and reliability of a sturdy rolled edge glass hold equal charm.

Photo by Diana u2728 on Pexels.com

Whether you lean towards the durable practicality of rolled edge glasses or the refined elegance of cut edge crystal, the choice of wine glass can profoundly influence your wine-tasting journey. Understanding the nuances between these types of glassware, as well as the materials and craftsmanship involved, allows you to tailor your wine experience to your preferences and occasions.

So next time you uncork a bottle, consider not just the wine but the glass in which you’ll savor it. After all, every detail, down to the very edge, contributes to the symphony of senses that is wine tasting. Cheers 🍷

July 20, 2024
Exploring the Languedoc and Roussillon Wine Regions

Nestled in the sun-drenched corner of Southern France, the Languedoc and Roussillon wine regions are a paradise for wine enthusiasts. These regions boast a rich history, diverse varietals, and unique terroir, making them essential stops on any oenophile’s journey. Let’s embark on a flavorful adventure through these captivating regions, exploring their history, the characteristics of their wines, and what makes them truly special.

The Languedoc and Roussillon regions have a long and storied history of winemaking, dating back to the 5th century BC when the Greeks introduced viticulture to the area. However, it was the Romans who significantly developed the vineyards, recognizing the region’s potential for producing exceptional wines. Over the centuries, winemaking in these regions faced numerous challenges, from phylloxera outbreaks to economic downturns. Yet, the resilient spirit of the winemakers prevailed, leading to a renaissance in the 20th and 21st centuries that has seen the regions flourish as hubs of innovation and tradition.

The Terroir and Climate

The unique terroir and climate of Languedoc and Roussillon play pivotal roles in shaping the characteristics of their wines. The regions benefit from a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This climate is ideal for grape growing, allowing for full ripening and concentration of flavors.

Languedoc: Stretching from the Rhône River in the east to the Spanish border in the west, Languedoc is one of the largest wine-producing regions in the world. Its diverse terroir includes coastal plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountains. Soils vary widely, from limestone and clay to schist and gravel, providing a rich tapestry of microclimates that support a wide range of grape varietals.

Roussillon: Located just south of Languedoc, Roussillon is often referred to as “French Catalonia.” It is nestled between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, creating a dramatic landscape of terraced vineyards and steep slopes. The region’s soils are predominantly schist, granite, and limestone, contributing to the distinct minerality found in its wines.

Marc Benedetti/Pixabay

Languedoc and Roussillon produce an impressive array of wines, from robust reds and crisp whites to delightful rosés and sweet fortified wines. Here are some key varietals and styles that define these regions:

– Reds: The red wines of Languedoc and Roussillon are known for their bold flavors and complexity. Key varietals include Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. These wines often exhibit dark fruit flavors, such as blackberry and plum, complemented by herbal notes, spice, and earthy undertones.

– Whites: White wines from these regions range from fresh and zesty to rich and full-bodied. Varietals like Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Vermentino (locally known as Rolle) are common. Expect flavors of citrus, stone fruits, and floral notes, with a distinct minerality that reflects the terroir.

– Rosés: Rosé wines from Languedoc and Roussillon are vibrant and refreshing, typically made from Grenache, Syrah, and Cinsault. These wines are characterized by their bright red fruit flavors, crisp acidity, and hints of floral and herbal notes.

– Fortified Wines: Roussillon, in particular, is renowned for its sweet fortified wines, known as Vin Doux Naturel. These wines, made primarily from Muscat and Grenache, are rich and luscious, with flavors of dried fruits, honey, and nuts.

Notable Appellations

Several appellations within Languedoc and Roussillon stand out for their exceptional wines:

Fraissé des Corbières

– Corbières: Known for its robust reds, Corbières offers wines with intense fruit flavors, spice, and a rustic charm.

– Faugères: This appellation produces both red and white wines with a distinct minerality, thanks to its schist soils.

– Minervois: Minervois is celebrated for its elegant and structured red wines, often with a floral bouquet and a touch of earthiness.

– Picpoul de Pinet: Famous for its crisp, zesty white wines made from the Picpoul grape, perfect for pairing with seafood.

– Côtes du Roussillon: This appellation offers a range of red, white, and rosé wines, all showcasing the region’s characteristic freshness and balance.

– Maury: Renowned for its Vin Doux Naturel, Maury produces sweet wines with remarkable depth and complexity.

The uniqueness of Languedoc and Roussillon wines lies in their diversity, history, and the passionate winemakers who strive to honor tradition while embracing innovation. The regions’ varied terroirs and climates allow for an incredible range of wine styles, from robust reds to delicate whites and everything in between. The influence of the Mediterranean Sea and the rugged terrain adds layers of complexity and character to the wines, making them truly distinctive.

In conclusion, the Languedoc and Roussillon wine regions offer a rich tapestry of flavors and experiences for wine lovers. Whether you’re savoring a bold red, a crisp white, or a sweet fortified wine, you’re sure to find something that delights your palate and tells the story of this remarkable corner of Southern France. So, pour yourself a glass, sit back, and let the wines of Languedoc and Roussillon transport you to their sun-drenched vineyards and storied past. Cheers 🍷

July 4, 2024
Sipping Sunshine

A Guide to Pairing Summer-Friendly Wines with Summer Fruits

Summer is a time for sun-kissed days, breezy nights, and the vibrant flavors of fresh fruits and crisp wines. Whether you’re lounging by the pool, hosting a backyard barbecue, or enjoying a lazy afternoon on the patio, the right wine can elevate the season’s delicious bounty to new heights. Join me on a delightful journey as we explore the best wine and fruit pairings that celebrate the essence of summer. Plus, for the adventurous among us, I’ll share a refreshing sangria recipe that will be the star of your summer soirées.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends Berries and Bubbles

Photo by Jill Burrow on Pexels.com

Strawberries and Rosé

There’s something undeniably romantic about strawberries and rosé. The juicy sweetness of ripe strawberries complements the delicate floral notes and crisp acidity of a dry rosé. Look for a Provence-style rosé with hints of strawberry, peach, and citrus for a match made in heaven.

Raspberries and Sparkling Wine

Raspberries, with their tart and tangy profile, are perfect companions to the effervescence of sparkling wine. A brut Champagne or a refreshing Prosecco will enhance the bright acidity of the raspberries, creating a harmonious balance. For an extra touch of elegance, drop a few raspberries into your glass and let them dance in the bubbles.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends Stone Fruits and White Wines

Peaches!

Peaches and Riesling

The luscious, juicy sweetness of a perfectly ripe peach is beautifully mirrored by the vibrant fruitiness of a Riesling. A well-balanced Riesling, with its notes of apricot, honey, and citrus, can highlight the natural sweetness of peaches while offering a refreshing finish.

Apricots and Viognier

Apricots, with their slightly tart and aromatic nature, pair wonderfully with the rich and fragrant qualities of Viognier. This full-bodied white wine, often with flavors of peach, apricot, and floral undertones, enhances the fruit’s natural character, creating a symphony of summer flavors.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends Melons and Crisp Whites

Beautifully ripe watermelon

Watermelon and Sauvignon Blanc

Watermelon is the quintessential summer fruit—juicy, refreshing, and slightly sweet. Its subtle flavor is beautifully uplifted by the zesty, citrusy notes of Sauvignon Blanc. Opt for a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc with its signature grassy and tropical fruit profile for a delightful pairing.

Cantaloupe and Pinot Grigio

Cantaloupe’s mellow sweetness and slightly musky aroma are complemented by the light, crisp, and refreshing nature of Pinot Grigio. The wine’s hints of green apple, pear, and citrus create a delicate balance that enhances the fruit’s flavor without overpowering it.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends Adventurous Pairings for the Bold

Pineapple and mango

Pineapple and Gewürztraminer

For those who love bold and exotic flavors, pairing pineapple with Gewürztraminer is a must-try. This aromatic white wine, with its lychee, rose, and spice notes, beautifully balances the sweet-tart profile of pineapple, creating an explosion of tropical flavors.

Mango and Albariño

Mangoes are rich, sweet, and bursting with tropical goodness. Pairing them with Albariño, a Spanish white wine known for its high acidity and bright citrus flavors, creates a vibrant and refreshing combination that highlights the best of both.

Sun-kissed Summer Sangria

Sun-Kissed Summer Sangria

Ingredients:

– 1 bottle of dry white wine (such as Sauvignon Blanc or Pinot Grigio)

– 1/4 cup brandy

– 1/4 cup orange liqueur (such as Cointreau or Triple Sec)

– 1/4 cup simple syrup (adjust to taste)

– 1 orange, thinly sliced

– 1 lemon, thinly sliced

– 1 lime, thinly sliced

– 1 cup fresh strawberries, hulled and sliced

– 1 cup fresh pineapple chunks

– 1 cup fresh blueberries

– 1 peach, pitted and sliced

– 1 to 2 cups sparkling water or club soda

– Fresh mint leaves for garnish

Instructions:

1. In a large pitcher, combine the white wine, brandy, orange liqueur, and simple syrup. Stir well to mix.

2. Add the orange, lemon, and lime slices to the pitcher, followed by the strawberries, pineapple, blueberries, and peach slices.

3. Stir gently to combine the fruit with the liquid. Cover the pitcher and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, allowing the flavors to meld.

4. Just before serving, add the sparkling water or club soda to the pitcher for a refreshing fizz. Stir gently to combine.

5. Pour the sangria into glasses filled with ice, making sure to include some of the fruit in each glass.

6. Garnish with fresh mint leaves and enjoy the refreshing taste of summer!

Pairing summer wines with summer fruits is an art that brings out the best in both. The vibrant flavors of fresh fruits combined with the nuanced profiles of carefully selected wines can create unforgettable taste experiences. Whether you’re indulging in a classic combination or exploring adventurous pairings, the joy of summer is captured in every sip and bite. So, gather your friends, pick your favorite fruits and wines, and celebrate the season with these delightful pairings. Cheers to a summer filled with sunshine and sips of perfection! 🥂

June 16, 2024
Winemaking in Summer: How to Manage the Vines and the Grapes

Second article in the series–The Seasons of Winemaking.

Summer is a crucial season for winemaking, as it is the time when the vines grow rapidly and the grapes start to ripen. In this article, we will explore what happens in the vineyard in summer, and how viticulturists and winemakers can ensure the best quality of the grapes and the wine.

Flowering Stage – Jordan Vineyard and Winery

The Vine Growth Cycle in Summer

The vine growth cycle in summer can be divided into three main stages: flowering, fruit set, and veraison.

– Flowering: This is when the tiny buds on the vine burst into clusters of flowers, usually in late spring or early summer. The flowers are self-pollinating, meaning they do not need insects or wind to fertilize them. However, the weather can have a significant impact on the flowering process. If it is too cold, rainy, or windy, the flowers may not pollinate properly, resulting in fewer or smaller berries. This is called coulure or shatter. On the other hand, if it is too hot or dry, the flowers may dry out and fall off, resulting in no berries at all. This is called millerandage or shot berries. Ideally, the weather should be warm, sunny, and calm during the flowering period, which lasts for about 10 days.

– Fruit set: This is when the fertilized flowers develop into tiny green berries, usually in early or mid-summer. The berries are hard, sour, and high in acidity and tannins. They are also vulnerable to diseases and pests, such as powdery mildew, botrytis, birds, and insects. Viticulturists need to monitor the health of the vines and the grapes, and apply treatments or protections as needed. They may also thin out some of the clusters or leaves to improve the air circulation and sunlight exposure of the grapes, and to balance the yield and the quality of the wine. This is called green harvesting or crop thinning.

Veraison Stage – Silver Oak Winery

– Veraison: This is when the grapes change color and start to ripen, usually in late summer or early fall. The color change depends on the grape variety, from green to yellow for white grapes, and from green to red or purple for black grapes. The ripening process involves a series of chemical changes in the grapes, such as the accumulation of sugars, the reduction of acidity, the development of aromas and flavors, and the softening of the skins and seeds. The ripening rate and duration vary depending on the grape variety, the climate, and the terroir. Viticulturists need to measure the sugar level, the acidity level, and the phenolic maturity of the grapes, and decide when to harvest them. This is called picking decision or harvest date.

Previous article: Winemaking in Spring: From Bud Break to Flowering

The Winemaking Practices in Summer

The winemaking practices in summer are mainly focused on managing the vineyard and preparing for the harvest. Here are some of the common practices that viticulturists and winemakers may perform in summer:

– Canopy management: This is the manipulation of the vine leaves, shoots, and branches to optimize the microclimate of the grapes. Canopy management can affect the photosynthesis, the respiration, the transpiration, and the shading of the grapes, which in turn can affect their ripening, their quality, and their susceptibility to diseases and pests. Some of the canopy management techniques include pruning, trellising, hedging, leaf removal, shoot positioning, and cluster thinning.

– Irrigation: This is the application of water to the vines to supplement the natural rainfall and soil moisture. Irrigation can influence the vine growth, the grape yield, and the grape quality. Irrigation can be done by different methods, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, or flood irrigation. Irrigation can be scheduled by different criteria, such as soil moisture, vine water status, or climate data. Irrigation can be beneficial or detrimental to the vines and the grapes, depending on the timing, the frequency, and the amount of water applied.

– Fertilization: This is the addition of nutrients to the soil or the vines to enhance their growth and productivity. Fertilization can affect the vine vigor, the grape yield, and the grape quality. Fertilization can be done by different sources, such as organic fertilizers, synthetic fertilizers, or compost. Fertilization can be applied by different methods, such as soil application, foliar application, or fertigation. Fertilization can be beneficial or detrimental to the vines and the grapes, depending on the type, the rate, and the timing of the nutrients applied.

– Pest and disease control: This is the prevention and treatment of the biotic and abiotic factors that can harm the vines and the grapes. Pest and disease control can affect the vine health, the grape yield, and the grape quality. Pest and disease control can be done by different strategies, such as cultural practices, biological control, chemical control, or integrated pest management. Pest and disease control can be beneficial or detrimental to the vines and the grapes, depending on the target, the efficacy, and the side effects of the control measures.

– Harvest preparation: This is the planning and organization of the activities and resources needed for the harvest. Harvest preparation can affect the efficiency, the cost, and the quality of the harvest. Harvest preparation can involve different aspects, such as picking decision, harvesting method, harvesting equipment, harvesting team, harvesting logistics, and harvesting hygiene.

Summer is a busy and important season for winemaking, as it is the time when the vines and the grapes undergo significant changes and challenges. Viticulturists and winemakers need to monitor and manage the vineyard carefully and skillfully, and to prepare for the harvest efficiently and effectively, to ensure the best results for the wine. In the next article, we will explore what happens in the winery in fall, and how viticulturists and winemakers can transform the grapes into wine. Cheers 🍷

June 4, 2024
Varietal Spotlight: Zinfandel

Unveiling the Rich Tapestry of Zinfandel

Amidst the vast and diverse landscape of wine varietals, few evoke as much intrigue and delight as Zinfandel. With its roots deeply intertwined with American viticultural history, Zinfandel has captivated palates around the globe with its versatility, bold flavors, and intriguing heritage. Join me on a journey as we delve into the intricacies of this enigmatic grape, exploring its origins, diverse expressions, and ideal pairings, just in time to elevate your summer barbecues.

The origins of Zinfandel have long been a subject of debate among wine enthusiasts and historians. While it is widely acknowledged as a quintessentially American grape variety, its exact ancestry remained shrouded in mystery until recent advancements in genetic research.

Photo by Luciann Photography on Pexels.com

Recent DNA analysis has revealed that Zinfandel is genetically identical to the Croatian grape variety known as Crljenak Kaštelanski (pronunciation: Tserl-yee-ehnak Kash-tell-ann-skee), as well as the Italian Primitivo (pronunciation: pri-meh-TEE-Voh). This revelation has shed light on the grape’s journey across continents, tracing its lineage from the Dalmatian Coast of Croatia to the sun-drenched vineyards of California.

Required Knowledge for WSET Level 3

Additional Info: Carole Meredith Solves the Mystery of Zinfandel (The V&E Trellis Wire, Spring 2002)

Zinfandel first gained prominence in California during the Gold Rush era of the 19th century when it became the most widely planted grape variety in the state. Its robust vines thrived in the Mediterranean-like climate of California, giving rise to some of the most iconic wines in American history.

Varieties and Characteristics

Zinfandel is celebrated for its remarkable diversity, with a spectrum of expressions ranging from light and fruity to bold and full-bodied. This versatility stems from various factors including terroir, winemaking techniques, and aging practices.

Red Zinfandel: The most iconic expression of Zinfandel, red Zinfandel wines are characterized by their deep ruby hues, vibrant fruit flavors, and spicy undertones. Notes of blackberry, raspberry, and plum are often interwoven with hints of black pepper, cinnamon, and licorice, creating a complex and multifaceted palate. Red Zinfandels can vary in intensity, with some displaying bold tannins and high alcohol content, while others exude elegance and finesse.

White Zinfandel: White Zinfandel emerged as a serendipitous offshoot of its red counterpart. In the 1970s, winemakers accidentally left Zinfandel juice in contact with the grape skins for an extended period, resulting in a blush-colored wine with residual sweetness. This happy accident gave birth to White Zinfandel, a refreshing and approachable wine known for its light body, crisp acidity, and fruity aromatics. Unlike its robust red counterpart, White Zinfandel is best enjoyed in its youth, showcasing flavors of strawberry, watermelon, and citrus.

In every sip of Zinfandel lies the essence of paradox; bold yet delicate, rustic yet refined, echoing the journey of life itself in its nuanced flavors.
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

While Zinfandel is cultivated in various wine regions across the globe, certain appellations have emerged as bastions of excellence for this noble grape.

A vertical of Chateau Montelena Zinfandel was on the menu a summer barbecue hosted by sommelier, Scott White

California (Napa Valley and Sonoma County): California remains the epicenter of Zinfandel production, with Napa Valley and Sonoma County standing out as premier regions for cultivating this varietal. The warm days and cool nights of these coastal regions provide an ideal microclimate for Zinfandel, allowing the grapes to achieve optimal ripeness while retaining acidity and balance. Wines from Napa Valley tend to be rich and opulent, with concentrated fruit flavors and velvety textures, while those from Sonoma County showcase vibrant acidity and distinctive terroir-driven nuances.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2021 Chateau Montelena Zinfandel

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2015 Seghesio Zinfandel Home Ranch

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2021 St. Francis Old Vines Zinfandel ‘Tres Viejos’

Old Vine Zinfandel

Mendocino County (The Home of Old Vines): Within California, Mendocino County holds a special place in the hearts of Zinfandel aficionados, thanks to its abundance of ancient vines. These gnarled and weather-beaten vines, some over a century old, yield grapes of unparalleled depth and complexity, resulting in wines of extraordinary character and age-worthiness. Mendocino County Zinfandels are revered for their intensity, structure, and ability to express the unique terroir of their vineyard sites.

Elevating Summer Barbecues

Zinfandel’s bold flavors and vibrant acidity make it an ideal companion for a wide array of summer barbeque fare. Whether you’re grilling juicy steaks, smoky ribs, or tangy barbecue chicken, Zinfandel’s robust character and spicy nuances are sure to complement and enhance the flavors of your meal. Here’s a few images from past Summer barbecues.

Flame-kissed Burgers

Spatchcock Chicken

St. Louis Ribs

Stuffed Pork Loin w/Charred Brussels

Grilled Peaches

Grilled Butter Burgers

Barbecue Ribs

For a classic pairing, try serving a bold, full-bodied Zinfandel alongside a sizzling rack of barbeque ribs. The wine’s ripe fruit flavors and zesty acidity will cut through the richness of the meat, while its peppery notes will harmonize with the smoky barbecue sauce.

For a lighter option, consider pairing White Zinfandel with grilled shrimp skewers or a crisp summer salad. The wine’s refreshing acidity and fruit-forward profile will provide a delightful contrast to the charred flavors of the seafood, while its subtle sweetness will complement the fresh, vibrant ingredients of the salad.

No exploration of Zinfandel would be complete without a nod to its colorful history and enduring legacy. From the heady days of the Gold Rush to the modern renaissance of American winemaking, Zinfandel has remained a steadfast symbol of resilience and innovation.

Legend has it that during Prohibition, enterprising bootleggers would smuggle Zinfandel grapes across state lines disguised as “table grapes,” allowing intrepid winemakers to continue producing their beloved elixir in secret. This defiance of authority only served to fuel Zinfandel’s mystique, cementing its status as the quintessential American wine.

Zinfandel is the quintessential American wine

Zinfandel stands as a testament to the enduring allure of wine, bridging continents and centuries with its rich tapestry of flavors and stories. Whether enjoyed as a bold red or a refreshing blush, Zinfandel invites us to savor the moment and celebrate the joy of discovery with every sip. So, raise a glass to Zinfandel, and let its timeless charm transport you on a journey of endless possibilities. Cheers 🍷

May 10, 2024
Sip Into Summer

A Guide to Refreshing Wines for Late Spring and Early Summer

As the days grow longer and the sun shines brighter, it’s time to embrace the vibrant flavors of late spring and early summer. With the season bringing forth an abundance of fresh produce and lighter fare, it’s the perfect time to explore a variety of wines that complement the delightful dishes served at events during this time of year. From picnics in the park to backyard barbecues, let’s dive into the world of wines that are perfectly suited for the warmer months ahead.

Crisp Whites for Sunny Days

One cannot think of summer without envisioning a chilled glass of refreshing white wine. From crisp Sauvignon Blancs to zesty Pinot Grigios, the options are endless. These wines are characterized by their bright acidity, citrus notes, and refreshing minerality, making them an ideal choice to pair with lighter fare such as salads, seafood, and grilled vegetables. Consider serving a Sauvignon Blanc alongside a fresh Caprese salad or a seafood ceviche for a delightful summer pairing.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2022 Henri Bourgeois Pouilly Fume La Porte De L’Abbaye

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2021 Armani Pinot Grigio Colle Ara

Rosé All Day

Rosé has become synonymous with summer sipping, and for good reason. This versatile wine strikes the perfect balance between the crispness of a white wine and the fruitiness of a red, making it a crowd-pleaser at any summer gathering. Whether it’s a Provence-style Rosé with notes of strawberry and melon or a Spanish Rosado with hints of citrus and stone fruit, there’s a Rosé to suit every palate. Pair it with charcuterie boards, grilled chicken, or even fruity desserts for a refreshing and elegant accompaniment.

Light Reds for Chilled Evenings

While red wine might not be the first choice for warm weather, there are plenty of lighter-bodied reds that are well-suited for summer sipping. Look for wines such as Pinot Noir, Gamay, or Grenache, which offer bright fruit flavors, soft tannins, and a refreshing acidity. These wines pair beautifully with grilled salmon, roasted vegetables, or even a classic barbecue spread. Serve them slightly chilled to enhance their refreshing qualities and enjoy the taste of summer in every sip.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2021 Crossbarn Sonoma Coast Pinot Noir

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2018 Mas De Mancuso Garnacha Single Vineyard

Summer Sangria

No summer gathering is complete without a pitcher of refreshing sangria. Whether you prefer the classic red sangria or the lighter white sangria, the options for customization are endless. Start with a base of fruity wine such as Tempranillo for red sangria or Sauvignon Blanc for white sangria. Add your favorite seasonal fruits such as oranges, strawberries, and peaches, along with a splash of citrus juice and a touch of sweetness from sugar or honey. Let it chill for a few hours to allow the flavors to meld together, and serve over ice for a refreshing and festive summer drink.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2020 Asua Rioja Crianza

Red Sangria Recipe

– 1 bottle of Tempranillo or your favorite red wine

– 1 orange, sliced

– 1 lemon, sliced

– 1 lime, sliced

– 1/4 cup orange juice

– 2 tablespoons sugar

– 1/4 cup brandy

– Club soda, for topping

– Fresh mint leaves, for garnish

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2022 Angeline Sauvignon Blanc Reserve

White Sangria Recipe

– 1 bottle of Sauvignon Blanc or your favorite white wine

– 1 peach, sliced

– 1 cup strawberries, sliced

– 1/4 cup lemon juice

– 2 tablespoons honey

– 1/4 cup peach schnapps

– Club soda, for topping

– Fresh basil leaves, for garnish

Grilled Shrimp with Lemon Aioli (The Spruce Eats)

Pairing the perfect wine with the right snacks can elevate your summer gatherings to a whole new level. Consider serving light and refreshing appetizers such as bruschetta with tomatoes and basil, grilled shrimp skewers with lemon aioli, or a platter of assorted cheeses and fresh fruit. These snacks complement the flavors of summer wines and provide the perfect accompaniment for leisurely outdoor gatherings.

As the temperatures rise and the days grow longer, it’s time to embrace the flavors of late spring and early summer with a selection of refreshing wines. From crisp whites to fruity rosés and light reds, there’s a wine to suit every palate and occasion. Whether you’re enjoying a picnic in the park or hosting a backyard barbecue, let these wines be the perfect pairing for your summer festivities. Cheers to a season filled with sunshine, good company, and delicious wines 🍷

May 8, 2024
The Artistry of Wine

A Comparative Exploration of Rare Wines and Famous Paintings

In the illustrious realm where the finest wines and most celebrated paintings converge, history intertwines with opulence, creating an exquisite tapestry of sensory delight. Let us delve deeper into this captivating parallel, exploring the stories behind both the rarest wines and the most iconic artworks, while shedding light on the misconceptions that often surround them.

1986 Château Lafite Rothschild

Mona Lisa – Leonardo da Vinci (1503)

At the pinnacle of vinicultural artistry stands Château Lafite Rothschild, a Bordeaux First Growth whose legacy dates back to the 17th century. The visionary behind this enological masterpiece was none other than Baron James de Rothschild, whose passion for wine (specifically this wine) transformed the estate into a beacon of excellence. Similarly, the enigmatic smile of the “Mona Lisa” finds its roots in the Renaissance genius of Leonardo da Vinci, whose meticulous brushstrokes immortalized this iconic portrait in the annals of art history.

Wine fact: While Baron James de Rothschild is credited for the well-deserved notoriety of Château Lafite [Rothschild], he didn’t purchase the estate until 13 years after the 1855 Bordeaux Classification.

Disclosure: This post includes some affiliate links. Should you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

1971 Château Lafite Rothschild from the cellar of Club 10 member, Brian Toung. Opened in January 2019

Reflecting on my own experiences… tasting a sip of a 1971 Château Lafite Rothschild is akin to standing before the ‘Mona Lisa’ in person – a moment of profound humility and privilege. It’s as if time stands still, and you find yourself enveloped in the sheer greatness of centuries-old craftsmanship, where each drop of wine or stroke of the brush whispers secrets of the past.

In those fleeting moments, one feels not only the weight of history but also the immense privilege of bearing witness to such timeless magnificence.
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Spotlight: Westgarth Wines is a great source for hard-to-find varietals and vintages. Whether building your wine portfolio or planning a special evening, check out Westgarth Wines Extensive Fine Wine Collection.

On the other hand, the ethereal elixir of Domaine de la Romanée-Conti traces its origins to the esteemed vineyards of Burgundy, where generations of vignerons have toiled to produce the quintessential Pinot Noir. The guardians of this hallowed terroir, the Leroy and de Villaine families, have upheld a tradition of excellence that rivals the timeless beauty of Vincent van Gogh‘s “Starry Night.” Just as van Gogh’s swirling cosmos mesmerize viewers with their transcendent beauty, so too does the intricate tapestry of flavors in Domaine de la Romanée-Conti transport the imbiber to celestial realms of sensory delight.

Romanée-Conti

Starry Nights – Vincent van Gogh (1889)

Yet, amidst the rarified air of exclusivity, lies a misconception that often plagues the world of wine: the notion of the wine snob. This caricature, with its airs of superiority and exclusivity, fails to capture the true essence of wine appreciation. In reality, a genuine wine aficionado possesses a deep appreciation for the craftsmanship and artistry that goes into every bottle, much like an art connoisseur admires the brushstrokes of a master painter. Both seek to unravel the mysteries and complexities that lie within their chosen medium, finding joy in the journey of discovery.

In contrast, the world of more accessible wines parallels the realm of mainstream art, where familiar classics reign supreme. Wines such as Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon or Italian Chianti embody widespread appeal and approachability, much like the iconic works of Pablo Picasso or Claude Monet. Just as art aficionados find solace in the timeless beauty of a Van Gogh or a Monet, wine enthusiasts take pleasure in the familiar embrace of a well-crafted Merlot or Sauvignon Blanc.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Napa Valley Silver Oak

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Chateau Montelena Cabernet Sauvignon

The Water-Lily Pond – Claude Monet (1899)

The Old Guitarist – Pablo Picasso (1903-1904)

In conclusion, whether indulging in the rarefied elixirs of Château Lafite Rothschild or savoring the everyday pleasures of a Napa Valley Cabernet, both wine and art serve as conduits to a world of sensory delight. Through their boundless beauty and infinite complexity, they enrich our lives, inviting us to explore the depths of human creativity and expression. Cheers 🍷

April 29, 2024
The Lore of Aging Wine in Barrels

Wine, that timeless elixir, has been intertwined with human history for millennia. From ancient amphorae to modern stainless steel tanks, winemaking techniques have evolved, but one tradition remains as steadfast as the vines themselves: aging wine in barrels. This practice is not merely functional but holds a mystical allure, enhancing the flavors, aromas, and textures of wine in ways that transcend mere storage vessels. Let’s dive into the history, craftsmanship, and magic of aging wine in barrels.

Photo by Yesim G. Ozdemir on Pexels.com

Historical Roots

The art of barrel aging dates back to ancient civilizations, where wooden vessels were used to transport and store liquids. The Romans, in particular, recognized the transformative power of wood on wine, using barrels made from oak to age and transport their precious vintages across their vast empire. Over time, this practice spread throughout Europe, becoming synonymous with the finest wines produced in regions such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Rioja.

Barrel aging, the silent maestro of wine evolution, weaves a tapestry of complexity, infusing wines with nuances of oak, whispers of spice, and the symphony of time, crafting bottles of elegance and depth.
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Types of Wood

While oak remains the predominant choice for wine barrels, different species and sources of wood impart distinct characteristics to the wine. French oak, known for its subtle flavors of vanilla, spice, and toast, is favored by many winemakers for its elegance and finesse. American oak, on the other hand, tends to impart more pronounced flavors of coconut, dill, and sweet spices, making it a popular choice for bold, fruit-forward wines.

Other types of wood, such as Hungarian oak, Slovenian oak, and chestnut, offer their own unique profiles, adding layers of complexity to the wines they age. Each wood has its own distinct grain, density, and porosity, influencing how it interacts with the wine and shapes its final character.

Various barrel sizes and shapes waiting to be delivered

Barrel Sizes and Shapes

Barrels come in a variety of sizes, from the diminutive barrique to the towering foudre. The standard barrique holds approximately 225 liters (59 gallons) of wine and is commonly used in regions like Bordeaux and Burgundy. Larger formats, such as the puncheon and the foudre, are favored for their reduced surface-to-volume ratio, allowing for slower aging and gentler extraction of flavors.

The shape of the barrel also plays a crucial role in aging wine. Taller, narrower barrels promote more gradual oxidation and evaporation, while shorter, wider barrels encourage faster integration of flavors and textures. Additionally, the toasting level of the barrel—ranging from light to heavy—can be customized to suit the winemaker’s desired style and intensity of oak influence.

Craftsmanship and Cooperage

The art of barrel making, or cooperage, is a centuries-old tradition that requires skill, precision, and patience. Cooperages source the finest oak staves, carefully shaping and toasting them to exact specifications. Master coopers employ time-honored techniques, passed down through generations, to construct barrels that are both functional and beautiful.

Cooperages offer winemakers a range of options, from the type of wood and toast level to the size and shape of the barrel. Customization allows winemakers to tailor their barrels to the specific needs of each wine, ensuring optimal aging and expression of terroir.

Impact on Wine and Cost

The impact of barrel aging on wine is profound, influencing its color, aroma, flavor, and texture in myriad ways. Oak imparts flavors of vanilla, spice, toast, and caramel, while also softening tannins and enhancing mouthfeel. Oxygen slowly permeates the barrel, allowing the wine to evolve and develop complexity over time.

The cost of barrel aging varies depending on factors such as the type of wood, size of the barrel, and quality of craftsmanship. French oak barrels, prized for their elegance and finesse, are among the most expensive, while American oak and other alternatives offer more affordable options. The cost of barrel aging can account for a significant portion of a wine’s production expenses, particularly for premium and ultra-premium wines that require extended aging in oak.

Famous Burgundian Grand Cru (Pinot Noir)

Regional and Varietal Characteristics

Certain countries, regions, and varietals are renowned for the unique characteristics imparted by barrel aging. In Bordeaux, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot blends mature in oak barrels, gaining complexity and structure over time. Burgundian Pinot Noir and Chardonnay benefit from aging in French oak, acquiring nuances of spice, toast, and vanilla.

Spanish Tempranillo finds its soulmate in American oak, with Rioja and Ribera del Duero wines showcasing flavors of coconut, dill, and sweet spices. Italian Sangiovese, aged in large Slavonian oak casks, develops savory notes of leather, tobacco, and earth.

While barrel aging remains the gold standard for many winemakers, alternative methods offer creative ways to achieve similar results. Stainless steel tanks provide a neutral environment for aging wine, preserving fruit purity and freshness. Concrete eggs and amphorae impart subtle texture and minerality, enhancing the wine’s sense of place.

Some winemakers utilize oak alternatives, such as chips, staves, or spirals, to infuse wine with oak flavors without the expense or commitment of traditional barrel aging. While these methods can produce compelling results, they often lack the complexity and integration achieved through prolonged aging in oak.

Barrels, like fine wine, have a finite lifespan, with each one imparting its unique imprint on the wines it ages. The number of times a barrel can be used depends on factors such as the type of wood, thickness of the staves, and care taken during maintenance. French oak barrels, with their tighter grain and slower oxidation rate, can be reused for several vintages before losing their efficacy.

After a barrel has reached the end of its useful life for aging wine, it may find new purpose as furniture, planters, or even firewood. Some adventurous souls repurpose old barrels as aging vessels for beer, spirits, or vinegar, continuing the cycle of transformation and innovation.

Here’s to the artistry of barrel aging, where time becomes the master craftsman, transforming grapes into liquid poetry. Cheers to the magic of oak, the alchemy of time, and the enduring allure of beautifully aged wines. Salud!
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Aging wine in barrels is a time-honored tradition that marries craftsmanship with alchemy, transforming humble grapes into liquid poetry. From the forests of France to the vineyards of Napa Valley, the story of barrel aging is one of passion, innovation, and reverence for the past. As we raise our glasses to toast the fruits of the vine, let us also raise a toast to the humble barrel, the silent guardian of wine’s journey through time and wood. Cheers 🍷

April 27, 2024
Exploring the History and Tradition of Vin Santo Wine

In the rolling hills of Tuscany, amidst the golden vineyards and centuries-old traditions, lies a treasure deeply rooted in history and culture—the enchanting Vin Santo wine. With its rich amber hues and complex flavors, Vin Santo embodies the essence of Italy’s winemaking heritage, weaving together centuries of tradition into each precious drop.

Beautiful rolling hills of Tuscany

A Journey Through Time: Origins of Vin Santo

The origins of Vin Santo can be traced back to medieval times, where its story intertwines with the religious and cultural tapestry of Italy. Legend has it that Vin Santo, meaning “holy wine” in Italian, was first crafted by monks in the Tuscan hillsides. These devout custodians of viticulture discovered that by allowing grapes to dry on straw mats in warm attics, the sugars concentrated, resulting in a sweet, luscious wine.

The process of making Vin Santo is deeply intertwined with the concept of ‘appassimento,’ a traditional method of drying grapes to concentrate their sugars and flavors. This technique, which originated in ancient Rome, was revived and perfected by Tuscan winemakers, leading to the creation of Vin Santo’s signature style.

The Art of Vinification: Crafting Vin Santo

Vin Santo is primarily crafted from white grape varieties such as Trebbiano and Malvasia, although red grape varieties like Sangiovese are also used in some regions. The grapes are harvested at optimal ripeness before being carefully laid out on straw mats or hung in well-ventilated lofts to dry. This drying process, known as ‘appassimento,’ can last for several months, allowing the grapes to gradually shrivel and concentrate their sugars.

Once sufficiently dried, the grapes are gently pressed, yielding a highly concentrated juice with elevated sugar levels. This luscious must is then transferred to small oak barrels, known as caratelli or ‘little barrels,’ where it undergoes a slow and patient fermentation. Unlike most wines, Vin Santo is left to ferment naturally, relying on ambient yeasts to work their magic over the course of several years.

The aging process is a hallmark of Vin Santo production, with the wine maturing in small barrels for a minimum of three to five years, though some examples age for much longer. During this time, the wine develops its distinctive aromas and flavors, evolving from vibrant fruitiness to complex notes of dried fruits, nuts, honey, and spices.

The Variations of Vin Santo: Tradition and Terroir

While Vin Santo is most commonly associated with Tuscany, its production extends to other regions of Italy, each with its own unique interpretation of this revered wine. In addition to the classic Vin Santo di Chianti, which hails from the heart of Tuscany, other notable variations include Vin Santo del Chianti Classico, Vin Santo di Montepulciano, and Vin Santo di Carmignano.

These variations reflect not only regional differences in grape varieties and winemaking techniques but also the influence of terroir—the unique combination of soil, climate, and geography that shapes each wine’s character. For example, Vin Santo del Chianti Classico is celebrated for its elegance and balance, while Vin Santo di Montepulciano boasts a more robust and structured profile.

The Ritual of Enjoyment: Serving Vin Santo

Vin Santo is more than just a wine; it’s a symbol of conviviality and tradition, often shared during special occasions and festive gatherings. The ritual of serving Vin Santo is as important as the wine itself, with time-honored customs dictating its presentation and enjoyment.

Vin Santo and Biscotti

Traditionally served in small, tulip-shaped glasses, Vin Santo is accompanied by biscotti or ‘cantucci,’ almond biscuits specifically designed to complement its sweetness. The ritual of dipping the biscotti into the wine, allowing them to soak up its ambrosial nectar, is a sensory experience that enhances the wine’s flavors and textures.

Vin Santo is also a versatile wine that pairs beautifully with a variety of foods, from aged cheeses and foie gras to desserts such as panna cotta and almond cakes. Its natural sweetness and complex aromas make it a delightful accompaniment to both savory and sweet dishes, earning it a place of honor on tables around the world. Vin Santo is the wine traditionally used in tiramisu 🙂

Tiramisu with Vin Santo

Preserving Tradition: The Future of Vin Santo

In an era of rapidly changing tastes and trends, the tradition of Vin Santo remains a steadfast beacon of Italy’s winemaking heritage. While modern advancements have brought innovations to the production process, the essence of Vin Santo—its connection to the land, its reverence for tradition, and its timeless allure—remains unchanged.

As we raise our glasses to toast the legacy of Vin Santo, we honor not only the craftsmanship of generations past but also the promise of generations to come. In each sip of this sacred elixir, we taste the history, the tradition, and the timeless beauty of Italian winemaking—a legacy that continues to inspire and enchant wine lovers around the world.

Cheers🍷

April 15, 2024