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Tag: Wine Blog

Exploring Wine Enclosures: Cork, Screw Cap, and Beyond

In the world of wine, the choice of enclosure is often a topic of debate among enthusiasts, professionals, and consumers alike. Traditionally, cork has been the enclosure of choice for wine bottles, but in recent years, the rise of screw caps has challenged this longstanding tradition. This article aims to delve into the characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks of both cork and screw cap enclosures, debunking myths and misconceptions along the way. Additionally, we will explore the history of cork usage, the current state of cork shortages, and highlight specific wines or styles that may benefit from one enclosure over the other.

Cover photo credit: Photo by SevenStorm JUHASZIMRUS on Pexels.com

Cork Enclosures: A Tradition Steeped in History

Cork, derived from the bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber), has been used as a wine enclosure for centuries. Its unique cellular structure, comprised of millions of tiny air pockets, allows it to compress and create a tight seal when inserted into a bottle. This natural elasticity makes cork an ideal choice for aging wines, as it allows for a small amount of oxygen to interact with the wine, aiding in its development over time.

Benefits of Cork Enclosures

• Tradition and Prestige: Cork has a long-standing tradition in the wine industry and is often associated with higher-end wines, lending an air of prestige and tradition to the bottle.

• Breathability: Cork’s natural properties allow for micro-oxygenation, which can enhance the aging process of certain wines, particularly those intended for long-term cellaring.

• Sensory Experience: Many wine enthusiasts appreciate the ritual of uncorking a bottle, as it adds to the overall sensory experience of enjoying wine.

Pitfalls of Cork Enclosures

• Cork Taint: One of the most significant drawbacks associated with cork enclosures is the potential for cork taint, caused by the presence of trichloroanisole (TCA). This compound can impart undesirable aromas and flavors, often described as musty or moldy, ruining the wine.

• Variability: Natural cork can exhibit variability in quality, leading to inconsistencies in sealing and potential oxidation of the wine.

• Environmental Concerns: Harvesting cork oak trees for their bark can have environmental implications, although sustainably managed cork forests mitigate this impact to some extent.

Stelvin Capsules (Screw Caps)

Screw Cap Enclosures: Modern Convenience Meets Functionality

Screw caps, also known as Stelvin closures, offer a convenient alternative to traditional cork enclosures. Initially introduced in the 1960s, screw caps have gained popularity, particularly for wines intended for early consumption or those that do not require extended aging. Wine purists would be surprised to learn that the Stelvin closure was invented in Burgundy, France 🙂

Benefits of Screw Cap Enclosures

• Consistency: Screw caps provide a consistent and reliable seal, virtually eliminating the risk of cork taint and oxidation.

• Convenience: Screw caps are easy to open and reseal, making them ideal for wines meant to be consumed shortly after bottling.

• Preservation of Freshness: Screw caps minimize oxygen exposure, preserving the wine’s freshness and fruit-forward characteristics, especially in aromatic white wines and light-bodied reds.

Pitfalls of Screw Cap Enclosures

• Perceived Quality: Despite their practical advantages, screw caps are sometimes associated with lower-quality wines or perceived as lacking the prestige of cork closures, particularly in certain traditional wine regions.

• Limited Aging Potential: While suitable for early consumption wines, screw caps may not be ideal for wines intended for long-term aging, as they limit oxygen ingress, which can impede the wine’s development.

• Environmental Impact: While screw caps themselves are recyclable, the production and disposal of plastic liners within the caps can have environmental implications.

Debunking Myths and Addressing Misconceptions

Myth: Screw caps are only suitable for inexpensive wines.

Fact: While screw caps are commonly used for more affordable wines, many premium producers around the world are opting for screw caps to preserve the integrity and freshness of their wines.

Myth: Cork closures are superior for aging wine.

Fact: While cork closures have traditionally been associated with aging potential, screw caps have demonstrated effectiveness in preserving wine quality over time, particularly for wines meant for early consumption.

Myth: All cork closures lead to cork taint.

Fact: While cork taint is a legitimate concern with natural cork closures, advancements in cork production, such as agglomerated corks and technical corks, have reduced the incidence of cork taint significantly.

The Current State of Cork Shortages

In recent years, the wine industry has faced challenges related to cork shortages due to factors such as climate change, disease affecting cork oak trees, and increased competition for cork resources from other industries. As a result, alternative closures like screw caps have become more attractive to wineries seeking consistent and reliable enclosures for their wines.

While cork and screw caps are the most widely recognized wine enclosures, there are several other alternatives that have gained traction in the industry. These alternatives offer unique benefits and cater to specific needs within the wine market. Let’s explore a few of them:

1. Synthetic Corks:

Synthetic corks are made from materials such as plastic or composite materials designed to mimic the properties of natural cork. They offer consistency in performance and eliminate the risk of cork taint. Synthetic corks are often used for wines that are intended for early consumption but may lack the prestige associated with natural cork.

2. Glass Stoppers:

Glass stoppers provide an elegant and aesthetically pleasing alternative to traditional closures. They create a secure seal and offer excellent oxygen barrier properties, preserving the wine’s freshness. Glass stoppers are favored for premium wines and limited editions, enhancing the overall packaging experience for consumers.

3. Zork Closure:

The Zork closure is a hybrid closure combining the convenience of a screw cap with the aesthetic appeal of cork. It features a plastic cap with a resealable cork-like insert, offering the benefits of both closures. Zork closures are popular for sparkling wines and still wines intended for immediate consumption.

4. Crown Caps:

Crown caps, similar to those used on beer bottles, are occasionally used for wine bottles, particularly for sparkling wines and wines meant for early consumption. While not as traditional as cork or as convenient as screw caps, crown caps provide a secure seal and are easy to open.

5. Diam Corks:

Diam corks are a type of technical cork made from natural cork particles that are treated to remove impurities and eliminate the risk of cork taint. They offer the sensory experience of natural cork with the consistency and reliability of synthetic closures. Diam corks are gaining popularity among wineries seeking alternatives to traditional cork closures.

6. Vinolok:

Vinolok closures are glass closures with a metal or plastic cap that provides an airtight seal. They offer a visually striking alternative to traditional closures and are often used for premium wines and limited editions. Vinolok closures are reusable and can be customized to enhance branding and aesthetics.

These alternative closures offer wineries and consumers a diverse range of options beyond cork and screw caps, catering to different preferences, packaging requirements, and market segments within the wine industry. Whether it’s the convenience of screw caps, the tradition of cork, or the innovation of alternative closures, each enclosure plays a crucial role in preserving and presenting wines to consumers around the world.

Choosing the Right Enclosure for Different Wine Styles

While both cork and screw cap enclosures offer distinct advantages, certain wine styles may benefit from one enclosure over the other:

– Wines for Aging: Complex red wines intended for long-term cellaring may benefit from the slight oxygen exchange facilitated by cork closures, allowing for gradual development and integration of flavors.

– Fresh and Aromatic Wines: White wines, particularly those prized for their aromatic profiles and vibrant fruit character, often thrive under screw cap closures, preserving their freshness and intensity.

– Everyday Drinking Wines: For wines meant to be enjoyed in their youth, regardless of style, screw cap closures provide convenience and assurance of freshness without the need for additional aging.

In the ongoing debate between cork and screw cap enclosures, it’s essential to recognize that both options have their place in the wine industry. While cork closures carry a sense of tradition and romance, screw caps offer practicality and reliability, particularly for wines intended for early consumption. As technology and sustainability practices evolve, both closures continue to play vital roles in preserving and enhancing the enjoyment of wine, debunking myths and misconceptions along the way. Ultimately, the choice of enclosure depends on factors such as wine style, intended aging potential, and individual preferences, ensuring a diverse and dynamic landscape in the world of wine packaging. Cheers 🍷

February 1, 2024
Exploring Italy’s IGT Wines: A Journey into History, Innovation, and Flavor
Italy’s rich winemaking tradition is celebrate globally, and its diverse classifications reflect the unique terroirs and grape varieties that define each region. Among these classifications, IGT, or Indicazione Geografica Tipica, stands as a symbol of innovation, blending tradition with modernity in the world of Italian wine.

History of IGT

The IGT classification was introduced in 1992 as a response to the rigid regulations of DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) and DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita). While DOC and DOCG focus on preserving traditional winemaking practices and specific grape varieties, IGT provides winemakers with more flexibility, allowing for experimentation and the use of non-traditional grape varieties.

Italian Wine Classifications

Alignment With Other Classifications

IGT wines fall between DOC and Vino da Tavola (table wine) in terms of regulations. While DOC and DOCG wines adhere to strict geographical and varietal guidelines, IGT wines offer a more expansive canvas for winemakers, allowing them to explore new grape varieties and winemaking techniques.

Disclosure: This post includes some affiliate links. Should you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Super Tuscans from the Wine Cellar of BOCCANEGRA

Super Tuscan Wines within the IGT Category

One of the most famous innovations within the IGT classification is the creation of “Super Tuscan” wines. These wines challenged the traditional norms by blending indigenous and international grape varieties, often using Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, or Syrah alongside Sangiovese. Some leading-edge Super Tuscans within the IGT classification include:
- Sassicaia: Hailing from the Bolgheri region, Sassicaia is a pioneer in the Super Tuscan movement. This Cabernet Sauvignon-dominant wine boasts intense black fruit, elegant tannins, and a long, lingering finish.
- Ornellaia: A blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc, Ornellaia showcases a harmonious marriage of power and finesse. Notes of dark berries, spice, and a velvety texture make it a standout IGT wine.
- Tignanello: Produced by Antinori, Tignanello is a groundbreaking Super Tuscan featuring Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cabernet Franc. It exudes ripe red fruit, supple tannins, and a well-balanced structure.
SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2012 Bolgheri Sassicaia

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2012 Ornellaia

Tasting Notes and Evaluation

Super Tuscan IGT wines are known for their bold and complex profiles. Expect aromas of dark fruits, such as blackberry and cherry, intertwined with nuances of spice, leather, and tobacco. The palate often reveals a robust body, firm tannins, and a persistent finish.

Wild Boar Ragu over Pappardelle

Food Pairing Recommendations

Pairing IGT wines with the right dishes enhances the overall dining experience. Given their robust nature, Super Tuscan IGT wines complement rich and flavorful dishes, such as:

– Grilled T-bone steak with rosemary-infused olive oil

– Wild boar ragu served over pappardelle pasta

– Aged Pecorino cheese with truffle honey

Photo by Alex Staudinger on Pexels.com

Italy’s IGT classification has not only allowed winemakers to push boundaries but has also given birth to iconic Super Tuscan wines. Embracing a fusion of tradition and innovation, these wines continue to captivate wine enthusiasts worldwide, offering a taste of the rich diversity and creativity that defines Italian winemaking.

Salute! 🍷
January 18, 2024
Crafting the Perfect Wine Tasting Experience
A well-curated wine tasting event is an exquisite journey that engages the senses and allows participants to appreciate the complexities of different varietals. Having hosted (and participated in) a few tasting events, SOMM&SOMM is here to guide you through the science behind choosing the order in which wines should be served to enhance the overall tasting experience.

Disclosure: This post includes some affiliate links. Should you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Photo by liis piirmets on Pexels.com

The basic principles (3 rules)

Sommelier Rule #1: Start with Whites before Reds – The general rule of thumb is to begin with white wines before moving on to reds. White wines are typically lighter and crisper, allowing the palate to acclimate to the subtleties of flavors without overwhelming it with bold tannins and robust characteristics. This progression ensures a smooth transition from lighter to fuller-bodied wines.

Sommelier Rule #2: Consider Alcohol Content – When selecting the order of wines, it is essential to take alcohol content into account. Starting with lower alcohol wines helps prevent palate fatigue, allowing participants to fully appreciate the nuances of each wine. Gradually progressing towards higher alcohol wines ensures a balanced tasting experience.

Sommelier Rule #3: Sweet vs. Dry – Another factor to consider is the sweetness level of the wines. Begin with dry wines and progress towards sweeter ones. Sweet wines can leave a lingering impression on the palate, making it challenging to appreciate the subtleties of drier varietals if served later in the lineup.

Best Practices for Creating a Proper Lineup

• Light to Full-Bodied – Arrange the wines from light to full-bodied. This helps participants ease into the tasting, preventing palate fatigue and ensuring that the more delicate characteristics of lighter wines are not overshadowed by bolder counterparts.

• Consider Regional Variations – If you have a selection of wines from different regions, consider the traditional order of service for that region. For example, if showcasing French wines, follow the classic progression of Champagne, white Burgundy, red Burgundy, Bordeaux, and so on.

• Mind the Oak Influence – If your selection includes oaked and unoaked wines, start with unoaked varieties. Oak can leave a lasting impression on the palate, and beginning with unoaked wines allows for a more nuanced tasting experience.

Spotlight: Westgarth Wines is a great source for hard-to-find varietals and vintages. Whether building your wine portfolio or planning a themed wine tasting, check out Westgarth Wines Extensive Fine Wine Collection.

Adjusting for Food and Wine Dinners

When planning a food and wine dinner, the dynamics change slightly. Consider the following:
1. Pairing Dynamics: Align the wine lineup with the progression of the courses. Lighter wines work well with appetizers and delicate dishes, while fuller-bodied wines complement heartier mains.
2. Consider the Dominant Flavors: If a specific dish has dominant flavors, choose a wine that compliments or balances those flavors. For example, a buttery Chardonnay pairs well with creamy pasta dishes (Coquillettes Ham Tartufata).
Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com

Proper Etiquette for a Tasting

Sip, don’t swallow. Encourage participants to take small sips and savor the flavors without swallowing immediately. This allows for a more comprehensive tasting experience. Use the right glassware. Provide appropriate glassware for each wine. The shape and size of the glass can significantly impact the perception of aromas and flavors. Provide water and neutral snacks. Have water available to cleanse the palate between tastings. Neutral snacks like crackers or bread can also help reset the palate.

In conclusion, crafting the perfect wine tasting experience involves a thoughtful consideration of the order in which wines are served. By understanding the science behind this process and incorporating best practices, you can elevate any tasting event to a memorable and enjoyable occasion.

Cheers 🥂
January 16, 2024
Unlocking the Secrets of Wine Storage

Wine, a timeless elixir that has captivated civilizations for centuries, is a complex beverage that evolves over time. As a wine enthusiast or professional wine educator, understanding the intricacies of wine storage is crucial for preserving the nuances and flavors of different styles of wine. In this article, we will delve into the various styles of wine, the factors influencing a wine’s ability to age, and how winemaking techniques can play a pivotal role in determining a wine’s longevity.

Different Styles of Wine

Red Wines known for their rich and robust flavors, typically have a higher tannin content. Tannins act as natural preservatives, contributing to the aging potential of red wines. Varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Shiraz are renowned for their ability to evolve gracefully over time.

White Wines with their crisp and refreshing profiles, are generally consumed in their youth. However, certain white wines, such as oaked Chardonnay or high-quality Rieslings, can benefit from aging. The key is to strike a balance between acidity, sweetness, and structure.

Sparkling Wines like Champagne, are celebrated for their effervescence and vibrancy. These wines are best consumed within a few years of release, as their freshness and bubbles diminish with time. Proper storage is crucial to prevent premature aging and ensure the sparkling quality is maintained.

Sparkling Wine Storage

Factors Influencing Wine Aging

Temperature and Humidity – Maintaining a consistent temperature is paramount for proper wine storage. Ideally, wines should be stored between 55-65°F (13-18°C). Fluctuations in temperature can lead to premature aging or spoilage. Additionally, a humidity level of 60-70% prevents corks from drying out, ensuring a proper seal.

Light and Vibration – Exposure to light, especially ultraviolet (UV) rays, can cause chemical reactions in wine, resulting in off-putting aromas and flavors. Vibrations, such as those from appliances or foot traffic, can disturb sediment in aging wines. A serene and dimly lit storage environment is optimal.

Corks and Seals – The type of closure used in a bottle can significantly impact aging. Natural cork allows for a small amount of oxygen exchange, aiding in the development of complex flavors. Synthetic corks and screw caps provide a more airtight seal, slowing down the aging process. However, each closure has its advantages and drawbacks.

Winemaking Techniques and Preservation

Tannin Management – Winemakers can influence the aging potential of red wines by managing tannins during the production process. Gentle pressing, careful selection of oak barrels, and proper maceration techniques contribute to a wine’s structure and longevity.

Acidity and pH Levels – White wines with higher acidity and lower pH levels generally have a better chance of aging gracefully. Winemakers can adjust acidity levels during production to enhance a wine’s longevity.

Photo by Tugay Kocatu00fcrk on Pexels.com

Oak Aging – The choice of oak barrels and the duration of oak aging impact a wine’s flavor, structure, and aging potential. Well-integrated oak can contribute to a wine’s complexity, while excessive oak influence may overpower the natural characteristics.

Filtration and Stabilization – Winemakers employ filtration and stabilization techniques to remove unwanted particles and microbes. While these processes ensure wine stability, they may also strip the wine of some elements that contribute to aging potential.

Wine storage is a delicate art that requires a deep understanding of the diverse styles of wine, the science behind aging, and the impact of winemaking techniques. By paying attention to temperature, light, and other storage conditions, enthusiasts and professionals alike can unlock the full potential of their prized bottles. Let us raise a glass to the magic that unfolds within each carefully preserved bottle. Cheers!

January 14, 2024
Discovering the Rich Tapestry of Austrian Wines

Austria, a country nestled in the heart of Europe, boasts a winemaking history that dates back centuries. With its diverse terroir, unique grape varieties, and a commitment to quality, Austrian wines have been gaining international acclaim. In this exploration, we will delve into the main wine regions, native varietals, distinctive styles, and noteworthy vintages that make Austria a captivating destination for wine enthusiasts.

Wine Regions of Austria

Austria is divided into four primary wine regions, each characterized by its distinct terroir and grape varieties:

Grüner Veltliner

Niederösterreich (Lower Austria): This expansive region along the Danube River is home to renowned sub-regions like Wachau, Kamptal, and Kremstal. Grüner Veltliner and Riesling are the stars here, thriving in the cool climate and diverse soils, from loess to primary rock.

Burgenland: Located in the eastern part of Austria, Burgenland is known for its red wines, particularly those produced from the indigenous grape variety Blaufränkisch. Neusiedlersee, a large lake in the region, influences the climate, creating ideal conditions for sweet wines like Trockenbeerenauslese.

Steiermark (Styria): This southern region is recognized for its Sauvignon Blanc and Morillon (Chardonnay). The landscape is diverse, with vineyards ranging from steep slopes to rolling hills. Steiermark’s wines are often characterized by a vibrant acidity and minerality.

Gemischter Satz – Photo by Lois Lammerhuber, Weintourismus

Wien (Vienna): The Austrian capital, Vienna, has its own unique wine region within the city limits. The local Gemischter Satz, a field blend of different grape varieties, is a traditional Viennese wine style that reflects the city’s multicultural history.

Sankt Laurent

Native Varietals

Austria takes pride in its native grape varieties, which contribute to the country’s distinctive wine identity. The most notable include:

Grüner Veltliner: Often considered Austria’s flagship white grape, Grüner Veltliner produces crisp, aromatic wines with flavors ranging from green apple to white pepper. It is the most widely planted grape variety in the country.

Riesling: Known for its elegance and age-worthiness, Austrian Riesling showcases a beautiful balance of acidity and fruitiness. The Wachau region, in particular, is celebrated for its Riesling expressions.

Blaufränkisch: A red grape variety that thrives in Burgenland, Blaufränkisch produces wines with dark fruit flavors, spice, and a distinctive earthy character. It is the backbone of many of the region’s powerful red blends.

Sankt Laurent: Another red variety, Sankt Laurent, is valued for its velvety texture and red fruit notes. It is often used to create elegant, age-worthy red wines.

Sankt Laurent was named after St. Lawrence’s Day – the 10th of August – the day on which the grapes begin to change color
http://www.austrianwine.com

A Taste of Austria’s Diversity

Austria offers a wide range of wine styles, from dry whites to luscious sweet wines. Some unique styles to explore include:

Gelber Muskateller (Yellow Muscat): This aromatic grape variety produces floral and perfumed wines with a captivating bouquet. It is often vinified into dry, aromatic whites.

Eiswein (Ice Wine): In exceptional years, Austrian winemakers craft Eiswein from grapes naturally frozen on the vine. These sweet wines are a true delicacy, balancing intense sweetness with acidity.

Gemischter Satz: As mentioned earlier, this traditional Viennese style involves planting and harvesting different grape varieties together. The resulting wines are complex, reflecting the diversity of the vineyard.

When it comes to vintages, Austrian wines are known for their consistency and age-worthiness. However, the standout years, such as 2015, 2017, and 2019, have produced wines with exceptional balance and concentration.

Sacher-Torte

Austrian Wine and Culinary Pairings

Pairing Austrian wines with local dishes is a delightful experience that enhances the flavors of both the food and the wine. Here are some recommendations:

Grüner Veltliner with Wiener Schnitzel: The crisp acidity and citrus notes of Grüner Veltliner complement the fried goodness of Wiener Schnitzel, Austria’s iconic breaded veal cutlet.

Blaufränkisch with Game Meat: The robust and spicy character of Blaufränkisch pairs wonderfully with game dishes, bringing out the rich flavors of venison or wild boar.

Sankt Laurent with Duck: The velvety texture and red fruit profile of Sankt Laurent harmonize beautifully with the succulence of roasted duck.

Eiswein with Desserts: The intense sweetness and acidity of Eiswein make it a perfect match for desserts like Sacher-Torte or apple strudel.

Austria’s Winemaking Heritage

Austria’s winemaking history dates back to Roman times, with monasteries playing a crucial role in preserving and advancing viticultural practices. In recent decades, Austrian winemakers have embraced modern techniques while maintaining a deep respect for tradition. This balance has contributed to the country’s success on the international stage.

South Styrian Wine Road in Austria. Image Credit: Julius Silver/Courtesy of Austrian Tourism

A Unique Wine Landscape

Surrounded by wine-producing heavyweights like Germany, Italy, and France, Austria holds its own with its distinctive terroir and grape varieties. The country’s commitment to quality, sustainable viticulture, and expressive winemaking have earned it a respected place among its European counterparts.

Austria’s wines are a treasure trove of diversity, offering something for every palate. Whether you are drawn to the zesty Grüner Veltliners of Niederösterreich, the robust reds of Burgenland, or the unique Gemischter Satz of Vienna, Austrian wines are sure to captivate and leave a lasting impression. So, embark on a journey through the vineyards of Austria and savor the terroir, tradition, and innovation that define this remarkable wine-producing nation. Prost!

January 7, 2024
Unveiling the Art of Post-Opening Wine Storage: Prolonging the Pleasure

While properly storing unopened bottles is crucial, the care and attention given to opened bottles can be equally significant. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of post-opening wine storage, addressing questions about refrigeration, air evacuation, and the factors that influence the longevity of opened bottles.

Disclosure: This post includes some affiliate links. Should you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Refrigeration

The general consensus among wine enthusiasts is that refrigeration is essential for preserving the freshness of opened wine. Once a bottle is opened, exposure to oxygen accelerates the aging process, and refrigeration helps to slow this down. White wines, rosés, and sparkling wines, which are often enjoyed at cooler temperatures, benefit particularly from being stored in the refrigerator.

However, it’s important to note that red wines can also benefit from refrigeration if they are not going to be consumed within a day or two. Serving temperatures can always be adjusted by allowing the wine to come to room temperature before serving.

Air Evacuation

Minimizing oxygen exposure is a key factor in preserving the quality of an opened bottle. Several tools, such as vacuum pumps and inert gas systems, are available to remove excess air from the bottle.

Vacuum pumps work by extracting the air from the bottle, creating a partial vacuum. While this method can help slow down oxidation, it may not eliminate all the oxygen, and the effectiveness can vary depending on the wine and closure type.

Inert gas systems, using argon or nitrogen, create a protective layer above the wine, preventing oxygen from coming into contact with the liquid. These systems are generally more effective than vacuum pumps and are recommended for preserving the flavors and aromas of delicate wines.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Coravin Pivot Plus Wine Preservation System

Factors Influencing Longevity

Wine Variety and Style: Different wine styles have varying levels of susceptibility to oxidation. Lighter wines, such as Pinot Noir or young reds, are more sensitive, while robust reds and dessert wines tend to hold up better.

Residual Sugar and Acidity: Wines with higher residual sugar and acidity are generally more resistant to oxidation. Sweet and acidic elements act as natural preservatives, slowing down the chemical reactions that lead to deterioration.

Cork vs. Screw Cap: The closure type used in the original bottle can influence how well a wine withstands oxidation. Screw caps provide a more airtight seal compared to natural corks, offering better protection against oxygen.

Root Cause of Oxidation

Oxidation is the primary culprit behind the degradation of wine once it’s opened. When wine comes into contact with air, especially if there’s a large volume of empty space in the bottle, oxygen reacts with various components in the wine, causing it to lose its vibrant flavors and aromas.

The process is accelerated by higher temperatures, which is why refrigeration is crucial. Oxidation manifests as a loss of fruitiness, the emergence of nutty or sherry-like aromas, and a change in color – often turning whites darker and reds browner.

What about decanted wine?

Not finishing an opened wine that has been decanted presents several challenges, primarily centered around preserving the wine’s optimal flavor and aroma. Decanting is often done to enhance a wine’s exposure to air, allowing it to breathe and develop its full potential. When a decanted wine is not consumed promptly, exposure to air can lead to oxidation, resulting in the wine losing its freshness and vibrancy.

The delicate balance of flavors and aromas that the decanting process aims to achieve can be disrupted, leading to a less enjoyable drinking experience. Additionally, the extended contact with oxygen can accelerate the aging process, especially for more delicate wines, potentially diminishing the overall quality. To mitigate these challenges, we recommend transferring the wine back into the bottle. The Recanter Wine Breather Decanter from Wine Enthusiast helps manage this challenging task.

Recanter Wine Breather Decanter from Wine Enthusiast

Properly managing opened wine is a nuanced dance between refrigeration, air evacuation, and understanding the intrinsic characteristics of the wine itself. By employing these techniques and recognizing the unique qualities of each bottle, enthusiasts can savor the pleasure of an opened bottle over an extended period, ensuring that every drop is as delightful as the first.

Cheers to the art of preservation and the joy of prolonged indulgence! 🍷

January 4, 2024
A Toast to Tradition: New Year’s Celebrations Around the World

As the clock strikes midnight, ushering in a new year, people around the world come together to celebrate in unique and diverse ways. New Year’s Eve is a time for reflection, anticipation, and of course, revelry. Join me on a global journey as we explore the origins of New Year’s celebrations and the rich tapestry of customs that make this occasion so special. And, true to my oenophile roots, we’ll delve into the fascinating world of wine and food, discovering how different cultures incorporate these elements into their festivities.

Scottish Hogmanay Celebration

Auld Lang Syne and the Scottish Hogmanay

Our journey begins in the misty hills of Scotland, where the tradition of Hogmanay takes center stage. Derived from the Norse celebration of the winter solstice, Hogmanay has evolved into a three-day extravaganza. Scots embrace the opportunity to share good cheer, and no celebration is complete without the traditional “first-footing.” The first person to enter a home after midnight is believed to bring luck for the upcoming year.

As bagpipes fill the air and kilts swirl on the dance floor, Scots indulge in a feast of haggis, neeps, and tatties. Complementing these savory delights are robust Scotch whiskies and hearty red wines like a spicy Shiraz or a bold Cabernet Sauvignon.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2019 Laurent Fayolle Crozes-Hermitage Clos les Cornirets

Las Doce Uvas de la Suerte

Eating 12 Grapes in Spain

In Spain, the clock striking twelve marks a unique and flavorful tradition. As the last bell tolls, Spaniards pop twelve grapes into their mouths, one for each stroke of midnight, symbolizing good luck for each month of the coming year. This custom, known as “Las Doce Uvas de la Suerte,” is a delightful and slightly challenging way to welcome the new year.

The Spanish New Year’s table overflows with tapas, from gambas al ajillo (garlic shrimp) to patatas bravas (spicy potatoes). To complement the diverse flavors, a sparkling Cava or a crisp Albariño is the wine of choice, effervescently capturing the festive spirit.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Bagoa Do Mino Albarino Rias Baixas

Osechi-Ryori

Japanese Osechi-Ryori and Sake

Across the globe in Japan, New Year’s is celebrated with the elegant tradition of Osechi-Ryori. This multi-tiered bento box features an array of symbolic dishes, each carrying wishes for health, happiness, and prosperity. Delicacies such as kazunoko (herring roe) and kuromame (sweet black soybeans) are meticulously prepared to bring good fortune.

In Japan, sake takes center stage, with the first sips of the year known as “Toso.” This special spiced sake is believed to ward off evil spirits and promote good health. The delicate and nuanced flavors of a Junmai Daiginjo or a Ginjo sake complement the subtleties of Osechi-Ryori, creating a harmonious start to the new year.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: Kyodai Daiginjo Sake

Fireworks and Feasts in Sydney, Australia

As the Southern Hemisphere welcomes the new year amidst the summer sun, Sydney, Australia, stands out for its iconic New Year’s Eve fireworks display. Against the backdrop of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, explosions of color light up the night sky, creating a breathtaking spectacle.

Aussies celebrate with barbecues and seafood feasts, accompanied by refreshing glasses of Australian sparkling wine or a crisp Sauvignon Blanc. The laid-back atmosphere and stunning views make Sydney a unique destination for those who prefer to ring in the new year with a warm breeze and a glass of cool wine.

SOMM&SOMM Recommends: 2019 Vintage Longbottom H Sauvignon Blanc

Ball Drop at Times Square in New York City

Many American’s look forward each year to watching eagerly as the countdown commences in Times Square, New York City. With a drink in hand, and someone close by, we watch the famous ball drop. The Ball is a geodesic sphere covered with 2688 Waterford Crystal triangles, and provides the perfect backdrop to a Champagne toast.

New Year’s celebrations span the globe, each culture contributing its unique blend of tradition, festivity, and culinary delights. As we raise our glasses to welcome the dawn of a new year, let’s savor the richness of these global customs and the diverse flavors that accompany them. May your New Year be filled with joy, prosperity, and, of course, the perfect pairing of wine and food!

Cheers to a flavorful and fulfilling year ahead!

December 30, 2023
Unveiling Franciacorta: Italy’s Best-Kept Sparkling Wine Secret

When it comes to sparkling wines, most people think of Champagne from France or Prosecco from Italy. However, there’s a hidden gem in the world of bubbly that deserves your attention—Franciacorta. Hailing from the Lombardy region in northern Italy, Franciacorta is a sparkling wine that combines tradition, elegance, and a touch of Italian charm. As a professional sommelier and wine educator, I’m excited to introduce you to this under-appreciated delight just in time for the holidays and New Year’s celebrations.

Lombardy Region in Northern Italy

The Origin of Franciacorta

Franciacorta is produced in the picturesque hills of the Franciacorta zone, situated between the southern shore of Lake Iseo and the city of Brescia. Unlike many other sparkling wines, Franciacorta is made using the traditional method, similar to Champagne. The region’s unique terroir, characterized by its clay-limestone soil and a mild climate, imparts distinctive characteristics to the grapes used in its production.

Chardonnay in Franciacorta

Grapes and Styles

The principal grape varieties used in Franciacorta are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Blanc. The region offers a range of styles, including Franciacorta Brut, Franciacorta Extra Brut, Franciacorta Satèn, and Franciacorta Rosé. Each style presents a different facet of the region’s winemaking expertise, from the crisp and refreshing Brut to the velvety smoothness of a Satèn.

Controlled and guaranteed designation “Franciacorta” Satèn wine shall be obtained from grapes grown in each estate from the following varietals: Chardonnay min. 50%. Pinot bianco grapes can be used to produce the aforesaid wine up to a maximum proportion of 50%.
Article 2.1 – Production Rulebook of the Controlled and Guaranteed
“Franciacorta” Designation Wines

Exceptional Quality

One of the hallmarks of Franciacorta is its commitment to quality. The wine undergoes a secondary fermentation in the bottle, contributing to its fine and persistent perlage (bubbles) and complex flavor profile. With a minimum aging period of 18 months for non-vintage and 30 months for vintage Franciacorta, these wines boast a level of maturity and depth that rivals some of the best sparkling wines in the world.

Perfect for Celebrations

As the holiday season approaches, Franciacorta is an ideal choice for toasts and celebrations. Its versatility makes it suitable for pairing with a variety of dishes, from appetizers to main courses. The crisp acidity and effervescence of Franciacorta cleanse the palate, making it a wonderful accompaniment to rich and savory holiday fare.

New Year’s Elegance

When the clock strikes midnight on New Year’s Eve, raise your glass with a sparkling wine that embodies the spirit of celebration. Franciacorta’s fine bubbles and refined taste make it the perfect choice for toasting to new beginnings. Whether you’re hosting a small gathering or attending a grand party, Franciacorta adds a touch of Italian sophistication to the festivities.

Ladies and Gentlemen, esteemed connoisseurs of life,

As we stand on the cusp of a brand new year, let us raise our glasses high, filled with the effervescent joy of Franciacorta, a sparkling elixir as bright as the possibilities that await us in the coming days.

Let us savor this moment, relish the company of those around us, and toast to the beautiful journey that lies ahead. Happy New Year! May it be as splendid and sparkling as this glass of Franciacorta in our hands. Cheers! 🥂✨
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Discover the Hidden Gem

2018 Bellavista Franciacorta Teatro La Scala Brut

While Champagne and Prosecco often take the spotlight, Franciacorta quietly awaits discovery by those seeking something truly exceptional. As a wine educator, I encourage you to explore the world of Franciacorta and experience the magic of this Italian sparkling wine. Whether you’re a seasoned wine enthusiast or a curious newcomer, Franciacorta offers a delightful journey for your taste buds.

Here are a few of our favorite Franciacorta wines:

2018 Bellavista Franciacorta Teatro La Scala Brut

Bellavista Franciacorta Alma Cuvee Brut

In conclusion, this holiday season and New Year’s, consider elevating your celebrations with Franciacorta. It’s time to unveil the well-kept secret of Italian sparkling wine and savor the craftsmanship, tradition, and elegance that make Franciacorta a hidden gem in the world of bubbly. Cheers to new discoveries and unforgettable moments!

Reference: Production Rulebook of the Controlled and Guaranteed
“Franciacorta” Designation Wines

December 27, 2023
The Art and Science of Decanting Wine

Decanting wine is a centuries-old practice that fuses artistry and science to elevate the drinking experience. As a sommelier and wine educator, I am often asked about the mysteries surrounding this ritual. In this comprehensive exploration, we will unravel the essence of decanting, debunk myths surrounding the process, and delve into specific examples of wines that truly blossom when given the chance to breathe.

The Purpose of Decanting

At its core, decanting serves two primary purposes: aeration and sediment separation. Aeration involves exposing the wine to oxygen, which allows it to open up and release its full bouquet of aromas and flavors. This is particularly beneficial for young, tannic red wines that may initially be tight and closed. Sediment separation is relevant for aged wines, as it helps remove any accumulated sediment that can form in the bottle over time.

When to Decant

One common myth is that only red wines benefit from decanting. While red wines generally stand to gain more from the process due to their tannin structure, certain white wines, such as older vintage Chardonnays and oxidative styles like aged Rieslings, can also benefit from aeration.

Another misconception is that only old wines need decanting. While it’s true that older wines often contain sediment, young and robust red wines can also benefit from decanting. For example, a bold Cabernet Sauvignon or a structured Barolo can soften and reveal additional layers of complexity when exposed to air.

How to Decant

Decanting is a simple yet deliberate process. Start by standing the bottle upright for several hours to allow any sediment to settle at the bottom. When ready to decant, gently pour the wine into a decanter in one smooth motion, leaving the sediment in the bottle.

For older wines, it is important to not disturb the wine. The traditional process is to pull the wine from the cellar rack and place it in a wine cradle or basket at the same orientation it was stored. Don’t rotate the bottle because the sediment will have already settled to the side facing down while in the cellar (thanks gravity). Remove the foil and open the bottle while in the basket and proceed to decant while watching for sediment to reach the shoulder. When the sediment reaches the neck, stop decanting.

Examples of Wines that Benefit from Decanting

1. Young Tannic Reds: Barolo (e.g., Barolo, Serralunga d’Alba, Vintage 2015)

The high tannin content in young Barolo wines can be softened through aeration, revealing the intricate layers of flavors and aromas that may be initially subdued.

2. Mature Reds with Sediment: Bordeaux (e.g., Château Margaux, Pauillac, Vintage 1990)

Older Bordeaux wines often develop sediment over time. Decanting not only separates the sediment but also allows the wine to breathe, showcasing the delicate nuances that come with age.

3. Full-Bodied Whites: Aged Chardonnay (e.g., Kistler Vineyards, Sonoma Coast, Vintage 2010)

Aged Chardonnays can benefit from decanting to enhance their texture and reveal the secondary and tertiary aromas that have developed over time.

4. Bold and Robust Young Whites: Condrieu (e.g., E. Guigal, La Doriane, Vintage 2018)

While less common, certain bold and full-bodied white wines, such as Condrieu, can benefit from decanting to allow the aromas and flavors to unfold.

Riedel Mamba Decanter

Decanter Shapes and Styles

Decanters come in a variety of shapes and styles, each designed to accentuate specific characteristics of different wines. Choosing the right decanter can enhance the overall decanting experience, but it’s essential to understand the advantages and potential disadvantages associated with various designs.

1. Classic Wine Decanter

Advantages:

   – Aeration: The wide base and long neck allow for ample surface area exposure, promoting effective aeration.

   – Sediment Separation: The wide bowl facilitates a smooth pour, aiding in the separation of sediment.

Disadvantages:

   – Limited Oxygen Exchange: Some classic decanters may not provide as much aeration as more modern designs, potentially limiting the wine’s exposure to oxygen.

2. U-Shaped Decanter

Advantages:

   – Improved Aeration: The wide bowl at the bottom enhances aeration, while the narrow neck minimizes excessive oxygen exposure, suitable for delicate wines.

Disadvantages:

   – Sediment Management: While effective for aeration, the narrow neck may make sediment separation more challenging compared to wider-necked decanters.

3. Duck or Swan-Shaped Decanter

Advantages:

   – Aeration and Presentation: The curved design allows for aeration, and the elegant shape serves both functional and aesthetic purposes.

Disadvantages:

   – Sediment Concerns: Similar to U-shaped decanters, sediment separation may be a bit more challenging due to the narrow neck.

4. Modern or Artistic Decanter

Advantages:

   – Aesthetic Appeal: These decanters often serve as both functional vessels and pieces of art, adding a visual dimension to the wine experience.

   – Aeration: Depending on the design, some modern decanters can offer effective aeration.

Disadvantages:

   – Practicality: Some artistic designs may prioritize aesthetics over functionality, potentially impacting the aeration process or ease of pouring.

5. Dual-Chamber or Two-Stage Decanter

Advantages:

   – Separate Aeration and Serving Chambers: Enables aeration in one chamber while keeping sediment in another, providing the best of both worlds.

   – Precision Pouring: The design often includes a spout, allowing for controlled pouring and minimizing the risk of dripping.

Disadvantages:

   – Complex Cleaning: The dual-chamber design can make cleaning more intricate than with simpler decanters.

Decanting wine is both an art and a science, requiring a delicate balance between patience and precision. By understanding the unique characteristics of different wines and debunking common myths, wine enthusiasts can unlock the full potential of their favorite bottles. Whether indulging in a young, robust red or savoring the nuances of a gracefully aged white, the act of decanting is a timeless ritual that enhances the enjoyment of this elixir of the gods. Cheers to the journey of discovering the symphony of aromas and flavors that await within every decanted bottle!

December 23, 2023
Navigating Wine Etiquette with Grace: A Guide for Holiday Gatherings

The holiday season is a time for joy, celebration, and, of course, the clinking of glasses filled with delightful wines. As sommeliers and wine educators, we understand the importance of creating a welcoming atmosphere for all wine enthusiasts, regardless of their level of expertise. In the spirit of the holidays, let’s explore some essential etiquette tips for bringing, drinking, and commenting on wine at festive gatherings.

One of the fundamental principles of wine appreciation is acknowledging the diversity of palates
Gregory Dean, SOMM&SOMM

Respect Diverse Tastes

People’s tastes vary widely, influenced by personal preferences, experiences, and cultural backgrounds. When bringing wine to a holiday party, opt for crowd-pleasers—versatile wines that can appeal to a range of preferences. However, it’s crucial to recognize that not everyone will adore the wines you’ve selected, and that’s perfectly acceptable.

Be open-minded and appreciate that individuals may have different taste sensitivities. Avoid taking offense if someone doesn’t particularly enjoy a wine you’ve chosen. Instead, focus on the shared enjoyment of the holiday season and the joy of coming together.

Commenting with Grace

Engaging in conversations about wine and food pairings requires finesse, especially when differing opinions arise. If you find yourself faced with a wine or dish that doesn’t align with your personal taste, resist the urge to express outright criticism. Instead, employ diplomatic language to share your thoughts.

For instance, you might say, “While I personally prefer a crisper white wine with seafood, this red wine offers a unique perspective that I can appreciate,” or “I find the bold flavors in this dish a bit overpowering for my taste, but I can see how it complements the wine for others.”

The key is to express your preferences without diminishing others’ enjoyment. Remember, everyone’s palate is unique, and the beauty of wine lies in its subjective nature.

Appreciate the Entire Experience

Graciousness in Hosting

If you are the host and someone brings a bottle of wine that doesn’t align with your planned menu, embrace the opportunity to showcase your hospitality. Thank them sincerely for the thoughtful gesture and find a moment to share the wine. You might even discover a hidden gem that enhances the overall experience for your guests.

Encourage open dialogue about the wines being served, fostering an environment where guests feel comfortable sharing their thoughts. Emphasize the joy of exploration and the chance to broaden everyone’s understanding of different wine styles.

Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com

As we raise our glasses to celebrate the holidays, let us also raise our awareness of the diverse world of wine and the varied tastes that accompany it. By approaching wine with an open heart and an open mind, we can create a holiday atmosphere that is inclusive, gracious, and memorable for all. Cheers to a season filled with joy, appreciation, and the shared love of good company and good wine!

Cheers 🍷

December 14, 2023